No abstract

The current constant pressure on fishmeal production for aquaculture feeds stresses the need to search for alternative sources of protein. A possible protein ingredient is insect meal, being more cost effective than fishmeal and soybean meal. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal is used in many studies with positive results regarding the bioproductive performances of salmonids. The balanced amino acid profile is comparable with the one of soybean meal. The crude protein and amino acid digestibility is high and similar to that of fishmeal. For rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the protein biological value of the larvae is qualitatively lower than that of fishmeal. Atlantic salmon fed with experimental diets with larvae meal showed high bioproductive performances and a better protein biological value compared with salmon fed with a standard fishmeal diet. However, the nutritional quality and chemical composition of the larvae can be drastically improved through the feeding media, which make it a very interesting candidate as a substitute for fishmeal. The aim of this review is to present the current stage of H. illucens use in salmonid feeds, detailing the chemical composition and protein quality. Furthermore, the effect of larvae meal based diets on salmonids is presented.

The first outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF) in Romania was recorded in a backyard holding in Satu Mare County in July 2017 as a result of a previous large-scale spread of the virus in wild boars and domestic pig populations in two of Romania’s neighbouring countries, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova. Since then, more than 1.3 million domestic pigs have been infected in more than 5600 backyard holdings and commercial farms all over Romania where stamping out procedures have been performed afterwards. The spread of the disease could not be contained despite the contingency plans developed by the authorities based on the current EU and Romanian legislation, and currently, the entire territory of Romania is considered to be affected, leading to a significant decline of the pig inventory and major damages in the commercial farming system. Consequently, the amounts of pork imported from other EU member states have increased yearly, pig meat becoming the main commodity on the list of agricultural goods purchased by Romania. 2021 has been by far the worst year for Romanian pig meat production, generating the highest financial losses mainly due to the inability of authorities and policymakers to implement effective and efficient disease control measures.

The investigations carried out on a sample of 53 breeders (31 females and 22 males),in the aquaculture farming system ofSuatu village, County of Cluj, concerning the incidence of bacterial hemorrhagicsepticaemia, its diagnosis and prophylactico-therapeutic possibilities. The results highlights an incidence of bacteriosis differentiated according to the category of breeders, 54.8% in females and36.3% in males. Necropsy examination carried out on 3 specimens of suspected bacteriosis, highlights the presence of hemorrhagic skin lesions, which are dotted or diffuse, respectivelymusculo-cutaneous necrosis and ulcers. Regardingthe internal injuries, opening of the body cavity, revealedconsistency changes and septicemy form in major internal organs, as well as the presence of a sanguinolent appearence liquid.The bacterioscopic examination of smears from the pathologic material (skin surface and internal samples) colored with the Gram method, reveled bacterial microflora, represented by coccobacillus and straight bacilli or slightly curved, both Gram negative. Furthermore, the bacteriological (culture) examination performedon usual and selective culture mediae, distinguish the isolation of pure culture bacteriae belonging to the genus Aeromonas.The exam of biochemical traits, with the aid of API 20 E multitest determines that the isolated strains of Aeromonas spp. belong to the species Aeromonas hydrophila, indicted in the emergence and evolution of the bacterial of haemorrhagic septicaemia.Testing strains sensitivity to antibiotics and chemotherapy (through antibiograma level), reflects the isolated bacteria's values of sensitivity in decreasing order: amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, florfenicoland enrofloxacilin.However, reduced sensitivity was recorded to tetracycline and ampicillin and resistance to erythromycin.