La lesión traumática cerebral es considerada un problema de salud pública, con altas tasas de morbi-mortalidad a nivel mundial. El conocimiento de su fisiopatología ha permitido determinar que no sólo los procesos primarios o directos generan daño neuronal, sino también los procesos secundarios caracterizados por una cascada de mecanismos moleculares que inician al momento del trauma y evolucionan posterior a este. Dentro de ellos se destaca el estrés oxidativo y el agotamiento de antioxidantes. En este contexto, el N -Acetilcisteína se ha propuesto como terapia complementaria en el tratamiento de este tipos de lesiones traumáticas cerebrales, al ser un proveedor de cisteína y éste a su vez un precursor de glutatión que participa en la protección contra el daño oxidativo causado por las especies reactivas de oxígeno.

Abstract:Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by the larvae of the Taenia solium. Spinal cord involvement is very uncommon. Clinical case: A female patient with a history of NCC presented with chronic and recurrent headache associated with motor and sensory deficit, which develops tonic-clonic convulsion, with spatial disorientation. She also had intracranial hypertension syndrome, meningitis syndrome, and pyramidal sygns suggestive of spinal NCC. Conclusions: Neurocysticercosis usually occurs in developing countries and should be considered as a differential diagnosis of neurological diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory, as well as education to the community to primary prevention.

Introduction:Penetrating lesions by pencil in the temporal lobe in children and adolescents are uncommon. We present the case of a teenager with penetrating injury by strange object in the temporal lobe. Case: Twelve years old male patient, with history of trauma while he was playing with his friends, presents alteration of the consciousness state, weakness in right hemibody and dysphasia. Urgent surgery is practiced employing an incision in "C" form with improvement of the consciousness state during post-operative. Discussion: Penetrating lesions in the skull and brain are classified as missiles and non-missiles depending of their impact velocity. The wood is a porous organic material that provide a natural deposit of microbian agents, making it potentially lethal. Pre-operative radiological evaluation allows check the trajectory of the penetrating object and secondary lesions present guiding de neurosurgical approach. The prognostic depends on penetration site, timely handling and complications associated. Conclusion: Penetrating lesions by pencil are uncommon, an appropriate imaging evaluation is fundamental to determine the neurosurgical approach that allows prevent and/or decrease secondary damage.

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Aneurysmal bone cysts: Case report and literature reviewBackground: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign lesions with great vascularization and expandability. They represent approximately 1% of all bone tumors. These lesions are characterized by having multiple cavities filled with blood. In most cases, they are located in the thoracic and lumbar region. In this article, we aimed to present a clinical case and followed by review of relevant literature regarding pathophysiology, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this pathology. Case presentation: A 41-year-old woman came with chief complaint of developing pain in the left hip, right gluteal region, and right posterior thigh for last 10 months. We performed hip plain x-ray, which suggested a left hip injury. Further investigation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed and revealed tumor of the left hip. A biopsy guided by TAC was performed. The histopathologic examination revealed numerous small vascular spaces lined with endothelial cells, abundant pools of red blood cells were seen, and hemosiderin pigment was seen at places along with giant cells, which was suggestive of ABC. Conclusion: Aneurysmal bone cysts are lesions that represent a small percentage of the total osseous tumors. Sacral localization is rare and the manifestations are nonspecific.