A cholesteatoma is a relatively common condition within the middle ear cavity, whereas a cholesteatoma of the squamous part of the temporal bone is an exceptionally rare entity. A case of an iatrogenic cholesteatoma located in the squamous part of the temporal bone is presented, which was revealed by an intermittent purulent discharge from an opening above the right ear 20 years after retroauricular myringoplasty. The diagnosis of an iatrogenic cholesteatoma is often made after several years of evolution, sometimes even at the stage of complications. This set the importance of the otoscopic and radiological regular monitoring of patients who have undergone a surgery of the temporal bone. KEYWORDS: Acknowledgements:Authors would like to thank patient for giving the permission to use the data.