The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability for the synthesis of bioactive compounds and minerals in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) landraces. Total phenolic compounds, carotenoids, antioxidant activity and minerals were evaluated in 10 accessions of Cucurbita moschata landraces from the Genebank of Embrapa Temperate Agriculture (Pelotas -RS, Brazil). Twenty plants of each accession were cultivated in the field during the spring/summer of 2013/2014. After harvesting of mature fruits, the seeds were discarded and opposite longitudinal portions of the pulp were manually prepared for analysis of the bioactive compounds. For the determination of minerals, pumpkin samples were frozen in plastic bags, and after freeze-dried and milled. All analysis were performed in triplicate. The data obtained showed high genetic variability for the synthesis of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, antioxidant activity and minerals. The accessions C52, C81, C267 e C389 showed high levels of antioxidants and minerals, being recommended for use in pumpkin breeding programs. The accessions C52 and C389 are promising, especially because they present the highest levels of total carotenoids.Keywords: pumpkin; cucurbitaceae; ex situ conservation; genetic resources; characterization.Practical Application: Pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata) are important to the human diet due to its functional properties and benefits for the human health. Identify genetic variability for the synthesis of bioactive compounds and minerals can be useful for breeding programs, to develop cultivars with improved benefits to the consumers.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar morfologicamente variedades crioulas de Cucurbita maxima do sul do Brasil. Nove variedades crioulas de C. maxima foram caracterizadas com sete descritores quantitativos e 13 descritores qualitativos. As sementes foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, em sacos de poliestireno preto, preenchidos com substrato. Quando as plantas apresentavam no mínimo duas folhas definitivas, 20 mudas de cada variedade foram transplantadas para o campo experimental, em delineamento completamente casualizado. Os dados quantitativos foram submetidos à análise de variância e foi utilizado o teste de Tukey para a comparação de médias, com o programa SAS 9.2. Os dados de caracteres quantitativos foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais, com o programa R. Para os caracteres qualitativos, a caracterização foi expressa pela moda de cada acesso, para cada descritor. Os caracteres qualitativos foram analisados como variáveis multicategóricas. A matriz de similaridade foi gerada no programa computacional GENES e foi construído um dendrograma, pelo método UPGMA, com o programa NTSYS. Ficou evidenciada a variabilidade genética para os caracteres quantitativos e qualitativos avaliados. A análise de variância evidenciou diferenças significativas entre as médias. Peso, formato, cor do fruto, espessura da casca e número de sementes por fruto são caracteres relevantes para a indicação de variedades crioulas promissoras para o melhoramento genético, com potencial para uso como fontes de genes e desenvolvimento de cultivares.

Molecular characterization of landraces of peppers (Capsicum baccatum) with SSR markersCurrently, many landraces of C. baccatum are grown by farmers in Brazil. These populations are sources of genes for resistance or tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, most of these landraces are being lost due to genetic erosion caused by substitution of cultivars. In order to characterize and conserve landraces, since 2002 Embrapa Temperate Agriculture maintains an Active Germplasm Bank of Capsicum. This work has the objective to characterize landraces of C. baccatum using microsatellite markers. 20 accessions from the Active Germplasm Bank of Capsicum of Embrapa Temperate Agriculture were analyzed. DNA was extracted individually from young leaves collected from five plants of each accession. Eight microsatellite loci were analyzed. All loci were polymorphic. Molecular analysis of variance showed values of genetic diversity as 51.37% among accessions and 48.63% within the accessions. This fact showed the existence of segregation in many of these pepper landraces. The groups obtained by cluster analysis did not correlate with morphological fruit traits. Most of the genetic variability is found among different landraces, although there is also genetic variability within each accession.

Genetic dissimilarity among Capsicum chinense accessions based on flower characteristicsCapsicum peppers are extremely important in Brazil for the spice market and as ornamental. The estimation of genetic diversity is important for the choice of parents in a breeding program. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of multicategoric descriptors for flowers to estimate the genetic dissimilarity among Capsicum chinense accessions from the Capsicum Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Temperate Agriculture The experiment was conducted from October 2009 to March 2010 in the experimental field of Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, with 22 accessions evaluated in randomized blocks and ten plants per plot. Five flowers of each plant, ten plants per access were used for the morphological characterization of the flowers. Five quantitative and ten qualitative multicategoric descriptors were used, making a total of 15. Mean comparison tests were carried out, and the clustering methods UPGMA and Tocher

Genetic diversity of Cucurbita pepo, C. argyrosperma and C. ficifolia accessions evaluated through microsatellite markers