Promoción de la actividad física en niños del norte de México: efectividad de una intervención educativa RESUMEN La epidemia de obesidad infantil ha motivado la implementación de intervenciones en actividad física. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre el patrón y los conocimientos de actividad física (AF) en niños en edad escolar de 6 -8 años del norte de México. Se empleó un diseño clínico aleatorizado y controlado. Participaron 6 escuelas primarias: 3 escuelas de intervención (n = 80) y 3 de no intervención (n = 79). Se evaluó su antropometría (peso, talla e IMC/edad) y se registró el tipo y frecuencia semanal de la práctica de AF, antes y después de la intervención. Los grupos no mostraron diferencias antropométricas al inicio del programa. Los niños asignados a la intervención no solo mejoraron su conocimiento sobre AF recreativa (p = 0.03), sino que también incrementaron la práctica de caminar (+23%), bailar (+19%) y jugar futbol (+19%) (p ≤ 0.05). El programa educativo tuvo un efecto positivo sobre la participación y el conocimiento de las actividades recreativas de los niños. ABSTRACTThe childhood obesity epidemic has motivated the implementation of physical activity (PA) intervention programs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention program on the pattern and knowledge of physical activity in 6 -8 year old school children in northern Mexico. A randomly controlled clinical design was employed, involving 6 elementary schools: 3 schools running the intervention program (n = 80) and 3 controls (n = 79). Anthropometry (weight, height and BMI/age) was evaluated, and the type and frequency of weekly practice of PA was recorded before and after the intervention. Anthropometric measurements were similar among all the groups at the beginning of the program. Children assigned to the intervention not only improved their knowledge about recreational PA (p = 0.03) but also increased their practice of walking (+23%), dancing (+19%), and playing soccer (+19%), (p ≤ 0.05). The educational program had a positive effect on participation and knowledge of the recreational activities of children. Palabras clave:Actividad física; niños; intervención educativa; estilo de vida; obesidad infantil.
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