No abstract

The aim of this work was to establish suitable chemometric techniques for establishing provenance of pumpkin seed and pumpkin seed oil from the regions of Austria, China and Russia, in order to protect the authentic Austrian products from fraud and mislabelling. To achieve this goal, three different chemometric approaches, projection to latent structures (PLS), soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) and support vector machines (SVM) were applied on two different trace element data sets. To evaluate the reliability of the classification achieved, the results were validated on an independent test set. PLS and SVM performed similarly in many situations. Also the prediction of the discriminating techniques was in accordance with the modelling technique SIMCA. But PLS alone can be used to separate Austrian from non‐Austrian pumpkin seed and pumpkin seed oil samples based on trace element data. Practical applications: For various reasons, more and more consumers prefer local products with a defined geographical origin. Producers also advertise the geographical origin and are trying to increase the value of their products by praising the quality of their products through a geographical designation. Unfortunately, there is an increases of abuse in these products which also comprise the ‘Styrian pumpkin seed oil PGI’ with falsely declared geographical origin. The demand for an analytical approach how to counteract the falsification of origin of Styrian pumpkin seed oil has increased considerably. The aim of this work is to establish an analytical method with suitable chemometric techniques for establishing the provenance of pumpkin seed oil from the regions of Austria, China and Russia, in order to protect the authentic Austrian products from fraud and mislabelling. PLS, SIMCA and SVM chemometric techniques are applied for establishing the provenance of pumpkin seed and pumpkin seed oil. PLS and SVM perform similarly in most situations and are in accordance with SIMCA models. However, the classification task can be solved by PLS only.

Laying hens were fed terbium and thulium supplemented feed in order to introduce a distinctive rare earth element pattern that allows discrimination of labeled from unlabeled poultry products. Samples of egg yolk, egg shells, meat, bones, liver, blood, and feces were analyzed using either conventional or laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Already after a short time of administering supplemented feed, terbium and thulium enrichment could be unambiguously detected in the products, while absolute terbium and thulium contents remained low enough to ensure safety for the customer. This method could potentially be applied to specifically label foodstuffs produced in certain regions or under certain conditions, in order to ensure food authenticity.