The integration of care with food safety and animal welfare is a technological challenge guided by legal demands and the consumer market (Brazil, 2017). The transport of live fish is a common practice in aquaculture (Harmon, 2009;Vanderzwalmen et al., 2019). In addition to ensuring the survival and well-being of animals, transport must be carried out under conditions that minimize contamination by pathogens.Pathogens were found in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) intestine, such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., Micrococcus spp. and Providencia sp., the authors recommended care with water containing excreta (Youssef et al., 1992).Although proper cooking deactivates Aeromonas spp., high incidences were found in the intestines of fish with the possibility of cross contamination (González et al., 2001). Olsen et al. (2002) found that acute stress influenced the microbiota and the adhesion of bacteria in the intestine of salmon (Salmo salar). Stress reduced
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of seasonality on the hematological aspects of juvenile farmed Prochilodus lineatus, to highlight the changes caused by seasonal variations and to develop reference intervals appropriate for each season. The study of the hematological parameters of farmed species has showed the mechanisms of adaptation to environmental variations, both in the natural environment and in production systems, allowing discernment of the differences between physiological and pathological reactions. Among the environmental factors, temperature and day length are recognized as a key factor in promoting changes in fish physiology, which can be reflected in hematological parameters. The present study analyzed the hematological parameters of juveniles of farmed streaked prochilod (Prochilodus lineatus) considering seasonal features such as temperature and day length, to highlight the changes caused by seasonality and the mechanisms involved in adaptation, and thus, elaborate reference intervals for each season. We found that seasonality has a significant impact on the hematological parameters of juvenile specimens of farmed streaked prochilod (Prochilodus lineatus), as it promotes changes in hematimetry, hemoglobinometry, white blood cells count and in the prevalence of leukocyte types. These findings demonstrate the importance of establishing reference intervals for farmed species, considering the factors responsible for physiological modifications, especially seasonal features.
Foram analisadas as características morfológicas e citoquímicas das células sanguíneas de 14 acipitrídeos de vida livre apreendidos ou resgatados no bioma Mata Atlântica do Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo foi conduzido utilizando duas técnicas de coloração citoquímica, a peroxidase (PER) e o sudan black B (SBB). Para análise morfológica, extensões sanguíneas coradas foram avaliadas em microscopia óptica. Até onde sabem os autores, este foi o primeiro estudo sobre morfologia de células sanguíneas em Parabuteo unicinctus e o primeiro a avaliar citoquimicamente as células sanguíneas dessa espécie e de Rupornis magnirostris. Quanto à morfologia constatou-se que as células sanguíneas dos animais avaliados foram similares às de outros acipitrídeos. Heterófilos foram os leucócitos mais prevalentes, sendo também observados eosinófilos e linfócitos em valores expressivos. Apenas os eosinófilos de P. unicinctus apresentaram reação positiva para PER e SBB. Os exemplares de R. magnirostris apresentaram eosinófilos com reação positiva somente para SBB. Os demais leucócitos tiveram resultados negativos para PER e SBB. Concluiu-se que as características morfológicas e citoquímicas das células sanguíneas de P. unicinctus e de R. magnirostris são semelhantes às de outros acipitrídeos, exceto os eosinófilos, que diferem bioquimicamente. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo das técnicas citoquímicas pode fornecer uma base de dados importante a ser acessada em futuras pesquisas, inclusive sobre a influência da composição dos eosinófilos na função dessas células em rapinantes.
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