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The effects of sleep-related disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), can be devastating either in children or adults. Misdiagnosis may lead to severe cardiovascular diseases. Besides, OSA consequences are often related to bad job performance, and road accidents. Nowadays, polysomnography (PSG) is still considered the gold standard for OSA diagnosis, but the required facilities are extremely high, thus reducing availability worldwide. For this reason, simpler and cost-effective diagnosing methods have been proposed in the late years. In this regard, the heart rate variability (HRV) has been demonstrated to strongly reflect apnea episodes during sleep. Hence, this work reviews the latest advances in the evaluation of OSA from the HRV perspective to consider its potentialities for a future revisited CinC Challenge.

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