RESUMOObjetivo: Relacionar a composição corporal e o balanço energético de atletas escolares. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre os anos de 2010 e 2012. A amostra constituída por 134 adolescentes de 10 a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, praticantes de cinco modalidades distintas: judô, natação, tênis, ginástica rítmica e ginástica artística. As dobras cutâneas foram utilizadas como método para avaliação da composição corporal e o balanço energético (BE) foi calculado a partir da subtração do valor energético total consumido (VET) pelo valor das necessidades energéticas estimadas (NEE). Os procedimentos estatísticos foram realizados no programa SPSS 19.0. Utilizouse o teste t de Student para a comparação dos dados entre sexos e as correlações foram realizadas pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Valores de p≤0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: Os mais velhos de ambos os sexos apresentaram maiores valores de circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e percentual de gordura (%G). Foi possível perceber uma correlação negativa e significativa entre BE e %G para o sexo masculino e uma correlação positiva, porém sem significância no sexo feminino. Observou-se também, que a maioria (51,1%) dos participantes apresentou balanço energético positivo. Conclusão: Um balanço energético positivo foi encontrado na maioria dos adolescentes avaliados e esse dado se correlacionou negativamente com a composição corporal apenas nos meninos. No entanto, no sexo feminino, não foi observada correlação entre essas variáveis.Descritores: Antropometria; Adolescente; Avaliação Nutricional. ABSTRACTObjective: To relate the energy balance and the body composition of student athletes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study, whose data was collected between the years 2010 and 2012. The sample consisted of 134 male and female adolescents, aged 10 to 18 years, engaged in any of five distinct activities: judo, swimming, tennis, rhythmic gymnastics and artistic gymnastics. The skinfolds were used as method for assessing body composition and the energy balance (EB) was calculated by subtracting the total energy intake (TEI) from the value of their estimated energy needs (EEN). All statistical procedures were performed using SPSS 19.0. Student's t-test was used to compare data between genders, and the correlations were performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. Results: The older individuals in both genders showed higher values of mid-upper arm circumference (MAC) and body fat percentage (BFP). It was possible to perceive a significant negative correlation between EB and BFP for males, and a positive, but not significant, correlation in females. It was also observed that a majority of the participants (51.1%) showed a positive energy balance. Conclusion: A positive energy balance was found in a majority of the adolescents evaluated and this data was negatively correlated with body composition only in boys. Among wome...
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