Most studies dealing with the caries preventive action of Nd:YAG laser have been done in permanent teeth and studies on primary teeth are still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of Nd:YAG laser combined or not with fluoride sources on the acid resistance of primary tooth enamel after artificial caries induction by assessing longitudinal microhardness and demineralization depth. Sixty enamel blocks obtained from the buccal/lingual surface of exfoliated human primary molars were coated with nail polish/wax, leaving only a 9 mm² area exposed on the outer enamel surface, and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=10) according to the type of treatment: C-control (no treatment); APF: 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel; FV: 5% fluoride varnish; L: Nd:YAG laser 0.5 W/10 Hz in contact mode; APFL: fluoride gel + laser; FVL: fluoride varnish + laser. After treatment, the specimens were subjected to a des-remineralization cycle for induction of artificial caries lesions. Longitudinal microhardness data (%LMC) were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and demineralization depth data were analyzed by oneway ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test (á=0.05). APFL and APF groups presented the lowest percentage of microhardness change (p<0.05). Demineralization depth was smaller in all treated groups compared with the untreated control. In conclusion, Nd:YAG laser combined or not with fluoride gel/varnish was not more effective than fluoride alone to prevent enamel demineralization within the experimental period.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Er:YAG laser and its association with fluoride (1.23% acidulate phosphate fluoride gel) on the prevention of enamel erosion. Sixty specimens were obtained from bovine enamel (4 × 4 mm), which were ground flat, polished, and randomly divided into five groups according to the preventive treatments: control-fluoride application; L--Er:YAG laser; L+F--laser + fluoride; F+L--fluoride + laser; L/F--laser/fluoride simultaneously. Half of the enamel surface was covered with nail varnish (control area), and the other half was pretreated with one of the preventive strategies to subsequently be submitted to erosive challenge. When the laser was applied, it was irradiated for 10 s with a focal length of 4 mm and 60 mJ/2 Hz. Fluoride gel was applied for 4 min. Each specimen was individually exposed to regular Coca-Cola® for 1 min, four times/day, for 5 days. Wear analysis was performed with a profilometer, and demineralization was assessed with an optical microscope. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (wear)/Dunn test and ANOVA/Fisher's exact tests. The group L/F was similar to control group. The other groups showed higher wear, which did not present differences among them. In the demineralization assessment, the groups F+L and L/F showed lower demineralization in relation to the other groups. It can be concluded that none preventive method was able to inhibit dental wear. The treatments L/F and F+L showed lower enamel demineralization.
, pela amizade e carinho com que sempre me acolheu. Pelas importantes sugestões e considerações, as quais foram fundamentais para a realização deste estudo. Obrigada pela presença constante durante todo esse período. Você é muito especial! "O valor das coisas não está no tempo que elas duram, mas na intensidade com que acontecem. Por isso, existem momentos inesquecíveis, coisas inexplicáveis e pessoas incomparáveis." Fernando Pessoa Ao Prof. Dr. Paulo Nelson Filho, pelo exemplo de competência e dedicação. Pelas oportunidades e pelo entusiasmo sempre demonstrado em prol da vida acadêmica. Haverei de seguir teus ensinamentos por toda a minha jornada profissional. "O que transforma qualquer ato em algo extraordinário é o fato de fazermos aquilo com o coração e o que transforma qualquer vida numa existência extraordinária é o fato de ser vivida com amor" Mark Sanborn À minhas amigas Fernanda Ribeiro (Nandinha Xu), Iliana Sabbatini (Lili) e Marina Sena (Marinete), pelo companheirismo e pela presença constante nos momentos de alegria e nos momentos de superação. Verdadeiras amigas que sempre me incentivaram com palavras de carinho e alegria. Minha vida com certeza ficou mais iluminada desde que vocês passaram a fazer parte dela! "A gente não faz amigos, reconhece-os." Vinícius de Moraes Aos meus amigos e companheiros desde a infância, Juliana Lyra, Carolina Cavalieri, Juliana Pino, Mayra Câncio, Razuco Pacheco, muito obrigada pela presença constante em minha vida, independente da distância. "Eu poderia suportar, embora não sem dor, que tivessem morrido todos os meus amores, mas enlouqueceria se morressem todos os meus amigos! A alguns deles não procuro, basta saber que eles existem. Esta mera condição me encoraja a seguir em frente pela vida... mas é delicioso que eu saiba e sinta que eu os adoro, embora não declare e os procure sempre..." Vinicius de Moraes
À Deus e aos Espíritos de Luz, que me guiam e protegem, sustentando-me nas provas desta vida e me fazendo seguir sempre no caminho do bem. Por me ampararem nos momentos difíceis e me suprirem em todas as minhas necessidades. Por todas as bênçãos e dádivas recebidas, eu vos agradeço! À minha orientadora Profa. Dra. Regina Guenka Palma Dibb, a quem muito admiro. Meu agradecimento especial pela oportunidade de crescimento e aprendizado durante todos esses anos e por me permitir concluir mais esta etapa. "Gratidão é a memória do coração". Antístenes Ao Prof. Dr. Paulo Nelson Filho, por me mostrar o caminho da ciência. Pelas palavras de carinho e incentivo que me fizeram persistir. Á Micheli Cristina Leite Rovanholo, pela amizade, paciência e compreensão, fundamentais para a conclusão desta etapa.
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