Isopropyl gallate (IPG) is a polyphenol obtained from alterations in the gallic acid molecule via acid catalysis with previously reported leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities. The present study aims to evaluate in silico binding activity towards some targets for antileishmanial chemotherapy against Leishmania major species, and ADMET parameters for IPG, as well as in vitro antileishmanial and cytotoxic effects. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDockVina and BIOVIA Discovery Studio software, whereas in silico analysis used SwissADME, PreADMET and admetSAR software. In vitro antileishmanial activity on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major, cytotoxicity and macrophages activation were assessed. IPG exhibited affinity for pteridine reductase (PTR1; −8.2 kcal/mol) and oligopeptidase B (OPB; −8.0 kcal/mol) enzymes. ADMET assays demonstrated good lipophilicity, oral bioavailability, and skin permeability, as well as non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic properties and low risk of cardiac toxicity for IPG. Moreover, IPG inhibited the in vitro growth of promastigotes (IC50 = 90.813 µM), presented significant activity against amastigotes (IC50 = 13.45 μM), promoted low cytotoxicity in macrophages (CC50 = 1260 μM), and increased phagocytic capacity. These results suggest IPG is more selectively toxic to the parasite than to mammalian cells. IPG demonstrated acceptable in silico pharmacokinetics parameters, and reduced infection and infectivity in parasitized macrophages, possibly involving macrophage activation pathways and inhibition of leishmania enzymes.

Sickle-cell anemia (Sickle-cell anemia) is a disease characterized by the presence of abnormal red cells (sickle-shaped) that are removed from the circulation and destroyed by an inherited genetic disorder due to a mutation of the gene encoding the amino acid valine, transcribing an altered hemoglobin. The objective of the research is to verify the main means used for the laboratory diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and the carriers of these traits, as well as to perform an analysis of the literature related to the educational strategies on genetic counselingadded in the Unified Health System (SUS), especially in Attention Basic. An exploratory, descriptive research was carried out through a bibliographic review. The databases consulted were Virtual Health Library - VHL and SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library, where the existence of articles, dissertations, theses related to the subject were verified. It is observed that although there is a vast literature on Sickle Cell Anemia, there is little recent research in the databases used for this research related to the Diagnostics and educational strategies adopted in the Unified Health System (SUS), Anemia and genetic counseling.

The work seeks to evaluate the nutritional labeling of protein supplements targeted at vegan athletes. Field and quantitative study, carried out in specialized stores and online shopping sites. The sample consisted of 25 labels of different brands, which were analyzed: flavor, vegetable protein, energy value, carbohydrate content, total fats, saturated and trans fats, fibers, vitamin B12, minerals, branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and glutamine. The legislations used for analysis were: RDC 259/2002, 359/2003, 360/2003 and 18/2010. It was found that the pea (68%) was the main vegetable source and 56% of the labels came from a combination of vegetable proteins. With regard to nutritional information, the calculated energy value was 109,8 Kcal and the contribution to carbohydrates, proteins and fats were, respectively, 10,86%, 74,39% and 14,75%. The protein contents did not present significant difference (p> 0,05) when the sources based on peas, peas with rice, soy and the isolated or combined sources were compared. As for the fiber content, 40% of the supplements were considered a source (4,68 ± 0,30 g/100 g), 36% rich (15,14 ± 3,60 g/100 g) and 12% zero fibers. Regarding micronutrients, 28% of the labels exposed vitamin B12 and iron in the nutritional information and 100% the sodium content. The presence of BCAA and glutamine was reported on 56% and 12% of labels, respectively. Thus, it was found that the nutritional information on the labels is within the recommended parameters, but it is suggested the creation of specific legislation that ensures the quality of supplements aimed at vegan athletes.

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