10. Resumo da análise da variância do efeito dos tratamentos sbbre os diêmetros longitudinais e transversais médios de maracujá, ao longo de

Cerca de 1330 nomes tupis de animais (incluindo as variantes) foram registrados por autores europeus durante o século XVI. Os trechos a eles referentes, de cada autor, são transcritos e os nomes identificados tanto quanto possível. Apresenta-se também um catálogo das espécies tornadas conhecidas nessa época.

Rhamnolipids (RMLs) have more effectiveness for specific uses according to their homologue proportions. Thus, the novelty of this work was to compare mono‐RMLs and di‐RMLs physicochemical properties on microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) applications. For this, RML produced by three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa containing different homologues proportion were used: a mainly mono‐RMLs producer (mono‐RMLs); a mainly di‐RMLs producer (di‐RMLs), and the other one that produces relatively balanced amounts of mono‐RML and di‐RML homologues (mono/di‐RML). For mono‐RML, the most abundant molecules were Rha‐C10C10 (m/z 503.3), for di‐RML were RhaRha‐C10C10 (m/z 649.4) and for Mono/di‐RML were Rha‐C10C10 (m/z 503.3) and RhaRha‐C10C10 (m/z 649.4). All RMLs types presented robustness under high temperature and variation of salinity and pH, and high ability for oil displacement, foam stability, wettability reversal and were classified as safe for environment according to the European Union Directive No. 67/548/EEC. For all these properties, it was observed a highlight for mono‐RML. Mono‐RML presented the lowest surface tension (26.40 mN/m), interfacial tension (1.14 mN/m), and critical micellar concentration (CMC 27.04 mg/L), the highest emulsification index (EI24 100%) and the best wettability reversal (100% with 25 ppm). In addition, mono‐RML showed the best acute toxicity value (454 mg/L), making its application potential even more attractive. Based on the results, it was concluded that all RMLs homologues studied have potential for MEOR applications. However, results showed that mono‐RML stood out and have the best mechanism of oil incorporation in micelles due their most effective surface‐active physicochemical features.

Apresenta-se um breve panorama das principais teorias biogeográficas, mostrando como o conhecimento acumulado por naturalistas viajantes foi responsável por seu teste e eventual rejeição. Enfatiza-se a importância de se conhecerem os relatos dos antigos viajantes e naturalistas, para avaliar o quão severa foi a ação antrópica sobre a distribuição geográfica de alguns grupos de vertebrados.

The current work presents the results of a review of most of the European diaries and travel chronicles containing reports of New World non-human primates dating from the discovery of America in 1492 until the end of the sixteenth century. We report the integral texts translated into English of these literary sources, giving a critical interpretation from a historical and scientific point of view. We note the ways these primates were perceived and described, with attention to the most important characteristics that were highlighted by the first explorers. Ethnotaxonomy and vernacular names used to designate non-human primates are also provided. This new body of knowledge, based largely on empirical reports full of details and first-hand observations, emerged as the first nucleus in the natural history of Neotropical Primates.