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<p>The goal of our research is to forecast the possible avalanches in the zones of active deforestation, especially situated close to the infrastructure objects and settlements.<br>Despite the fact, that in Ukrainian Carpathians snow avalanches were observed by the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Service, some recent events showed us, that it does not fulfill the current situation. The observations are regularly held in alpine and subalpine zones (>1300m. a.s.l.) of mountain ranges, in the same time territories with lower altitudes were not studied.<br>Due to the active deforestation of the region in recent years, it appeared in new territories with conditions suitable for the appearance of avalanches. Because deforestation is mainly held on territories with lower altitudes, which are often densely settled, it makes such avalanches hazardous for the infrastructure and settlements. One of such avalanches occurred on the slope near village Kruhlyi (Rakhiv District, Zakarpatska oblast') in February 2019, that caused blocking of the international highway with 300 m3 of ice and snow. The avalanche occurred on the deforested area with altitudes between 400 and 480 m a.s.l., inclination around 28⁰ and 150m long. This event changes our vision in avalanche expectancy in the Carpathian Mountains to much lower altitudes. Research is currently being held based on data about deforestation and detecting areas with suitable avalanche properties.<br>This research was supported by the project “Snow-avalanche activity from Romanian and Ukrainian Eastern Carpathians”, funded by AUF and IFA Romania.</p>

Three consequent concepts that build up the algorithm of the identification of modern landscapes on the Moon surface are suggested. They are anaglyphonosphere axiomatic and landscape concepts obtained with the use of the axiomatic method. The first concept depicts the geographic envelope of the Moon as an anaglyphonosphere layer (relief) that is a continuum (total environment). The latter becomes the research subject for both a geomorphologist and a landscape researcher. Continuity, dynamics, range (amplitude), and erosion potential determine anaglyphonosphere. Axiomatic concept means constructing the sole scheme (mathematically determined) of the search for the elementary surface units using the geometric interpretation of surface patterns of the Moon and its landscape interpretation. The landscape concept is based on the classical principles of the landscape theory and the axiomatic principles of the previous concept. The synthesis of concepts is implemented in the models of Moon landscapes of four scales: zero, linear, two-and three-dimensional. The paper offers the last two models of Davy Catena. Proposed concepts with appropriate correction can be used in parallel studies of the natural environment: geological, geomorphological, climatic, etc. The advantages of the axiomatic method consist in the objective approach to the division of the surface into specific units (the landscapes in our case). The proposed method of identifying and displaying the landscape complexes on the lunar surface can be a significant complement for the study and mapping of terrestrial planets, satellites of planet-giants, etc.