ResumenUno de los problemas más importantes en el tratamiento de agua con coagulación química es la generación de lodos, cuya disposición final es predominantemente en cuerpos de agua, afectando su calidad y usos potenciales; el uso productivo de lodos puede ayudar en la recuperación de los recursos naturales y disminuir la contaminación ambiental. En este estudio se evaluó el uso de lodo aluminoso en la fabricación de ladrillos cerámicos; los resultados muestran que es viable incorporar estos lodos en reemplazo parcial de uno de los materiales constitutivos del ladrillo, en este caso la arena en un porcentaje del 10%; sin embargo, para evitar comprometer la resistencia a la compresión debe optimizarse la deshidratación previa del lodo para aumentar el potencial de aprovechamiento. El ladrillo obtenido cumple características adecuadas para uso no estructural.Palabras Clave: Absorción de agua, deshidratación de lodos, ladrillos cerámicos, lodos aluminosos, resistencia a la compresión. AbstractOne of the most important problems for water treatment systems based on chemical coagulation process is the sludge generation, whose final disposition is made predominantly onto water, affecting their quality and potential uses. The productive use of this sludges represents a way to relieve some of the problems of solid waste management that helps in the recovery of natural resources and reduces the environmental pollution. This study allowed the evaluation of the use of aluminous sludge for the manufacture of ceramic bricks. The results show that it is feasible to use these sludges in partial replacement of one of the constituent materials of brick, in this case the sand in percentages above 10%; however, to avoid compromising the compression resistance it should be optimized the previous sludge dewatering to increase the potential waste-to-energy scheme. The brick obtained has appropriate characteristics for non-structural use.

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Most patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) die within 6 months of diagnosis. However, 20% to 25% patients undergoing total tumor resection remain alive and disease-free 5 years after diagnostic surgery. Few studies on tumor markers have predicted patient prognosis and/or survival. We evaluated the effect of tumor cytogenetic copy number changes detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization on overall survival (OS) of 55 PDAC patients. The prognostic value of copy number changes showing an effect on OS was validated in an external cohort of 44 surgically resected PDAC patients by comparative genomic hybridization arrays, and the genes coded in altered chromosomes with prognostic value were identified by high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays in 20 cases. Copy number changes of chromosomes 4 and 9q34 with gains of 8q24 were independently associated with shorter OS. On the basis of these three chromosomal alterations, a score is proposed that identifies patients with significantly different (P < 0.001) 5-year OS rates: 60% ± 20%, 16% ± 8%, and 0% ± 0%, respectively. Our results show an association between tumor cytogenetics and OS of PDAC patients and provide the basis for further prognostic stratification of patients undergoing complete tumor resection. Further studies to identify specific genes coded in these chromosomes and their functional consequences are necessary to understand the clinical effect of these changes.