In this research, the importance and characteristics of social protection in modernization of society were studied. The analyzes were based on the views of Western and Eastern scholars on the social protection of the population. In particular, aspects related to social protection, poverty reduction, education reform, employment and real income growth were scientifically and theoretically research. The results showed that the social policy of the state was aimed at maintaining the ultimate result of the reforms carried out by the state, maintaining social stability, increasing the standard of living of the population. Noteworthy, any countries, which planned implementing new policies and reforms on improving social sphere, need take account citizens as main influencing factor to those policies and reforms.