No abstract

Tyrosinases are widely distributed in nature; These enzymes are known as type 3 copper proteins having a diamagnetic spin-coupled copper pair in the active centre. In this study, the objective was to produce stable tyrosinase enzyme efficiently and determine stability of enzyme from an alternative fungal soruce, Funalia trogii. Temperature and pH stabilities of the crude extract of enzyme were studied and it was concluded that crude extract of tyrosinase was stable at 73º C . pH stability of tyrosinase enzyme was among 3,5-7 ranges.

Sin material science. Most of the techniques for nanoparticles manufacturing are capital intensive, as well as inefficient in material and energy use. Hence, there is an ever-growing need to develop clean, nontoxic and environmental-friendly synthesis procedures. Consequently, researchers in nanoparticles synthesis have turned to biological systems for inspiration, not only for synthesis, but also for the liberation of such particles from diverse materials. In this context, agroindustrial residues like rice hulls could be a potential source of silica particles because this material comprises the major component of their ash content. Silica nanoparticles had applications in several industries such as cosmetic, personal care, abrasives and pharmaceutical. Therefore, the goal of this work was to study the liberation of silica particles from rice hulls by bacterial mixed culture. Four Erlenmeyer flask of 1 l were prepared with 250 ml of mineral media (with no carbon source) in which were added 2% (w/v) of complete rice hulls (CRH) and milled rice hulls (GRH). pH conditions of 5 and 7 were used. The flasks were inoculated with a mixed culture of bacteria (isolated previously) and incubated at 30 • C and 100 rpm for four weeks. To evaluate the liberation of silica particles, different samples of culture were centrifuged, freeze-dried and combined with KBr (95%) for analysis by DR-FTIR techniques. Also direct samples were taken for X-ray diffraction analysis. The FTIR spectra shown the apparition of frequencies related to the liberation of SiO 2 particles. The control experiment without treatment did not show such behavior. The results obtained demonstrated that the samples with a greater liberation of particles in a smaller time correspond to CRH. The Xray diffraction analyses confirm the presence of particles of SiO 2 , besides observing the same correspondence in relation to the sample CRH. This information indicates that the apparition of SiO 2 particles corresponds to the activity of the mixed culture when this microorganism degraded and consumed substrates of the rice hulls. These experiments propose a biotechnology alternative for the synthesis of SiO 2 particles. Nanobacteria, which were first reported in 1992, were discovered in mammalian cell cultures. In these cultures, by transmission and scanning electron microscopic examinations, nanobacteria were seen as small bacteria with a diameter about 200 nm.There were more experimental results that showed the association between nanobacteria and diseases. It was proposed that nanobacteria could be the cause of calcification. In this proposal, to establish the association between calcification of nanobacteria and atherosclerosis is aimed.In this study, rapid nanobacteria antibody test will be used to detect anti-nanobacterial antibodies. By this ELISA method, in patient sera, IgG antibodies will be determined.In the second step of the study, tissue samples will be examined by the rapid nanobacteria antigen test and ELISA.After achieving the results of the se...