Two-tier serology testing is most frequently used for the diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (LB); however, a positive result is no proof of active disease. To establish a diagnosis of active LB, better diagnostics are needed. Tests investigating the cellular immune system are available, but studies evaluating the utility of these tests on well-defined patient populations are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the utility of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay to diagnose active Lyme neuroborreliosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of various study groups were stimulated by using Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 and various recombinant antigens, and subsequently, the number of Borrelia-specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-secreting T cells was measured. We included 33 active and 37 treated Lyme neuroborreliosis patients, 28 healthy individuals treated for an early manifestation of LB in the past, and 145 untreated healthy individuals. The median numbers of B. burgdorferi B31-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells/2.5 × 105 PBMCs did not differ between active Lyme neuroborreliosis patients (6.0; interquartile range [IQR], 0.5 to 14.0), treated Lyme neuroborreliosis patients (4.5; IQR, 2.0 to 18.6), and treated healthy individuals (7.4; IQR, 2.3 to 14.9) (P = 1.000); however, the median number of B. burgdorferi B31-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells/2.5 × 105 PBMCs among untreated healthy individuals was lower (2.0; IQR, 0.5 to 3.9) (P ≤ 0.016). We conclude that the Borrelia ELISpot assay, measuring the number of B. burgdorferi B31-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells/2.5 × 105 PBMCs, correlates with exposure to the Borrelia bacterium but cannot be used for the diagnosis of active Lyme neuroborreliosis.

Natural anticoagulant deficiencies in acute coronary syndrome 87

Desember 2001, dilakukan pemeriksaan ekokardiografi untuk melihat fungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri dan dilakukan pemeriksaan urin mikroalbuminuria. Disfungsi diastolik ditemukan pada 73,7 % pasien DM tipe 2 tanpa mikroalbuminuria dan 66,7% pada DM tipe 2 dengan mikroalbuminuria. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna kejadian disfungsi diastolik pada kelompok DM tipe 2 dengan mikroalbuminuria maupun DM tipe 2 tanpa mikroalbuminuria.

Efusi perikard merupalan kelainan jantung yang paling sering ditemukan pada pasien lupus eritomatosus sistemik. Adanya efusi perikard sering dikaitkan dengan aktivitas penyakit, hipoalbuminemia dan gagal ginjal kronik. Telah dilakul