The goal of this study was to construct a design methodology for a prosthesis which causes less stress shielding and meets fatigue requirements. Stress shielding is the reduction in bone stresses due to the introduction of an implant. Implants may become loose when stress shielding is present because bone resorption occurs as the bone adapts to the reduced bone stresses. Topology and lattice optimization were performed using OptiStruct to design a hip prosthesis where stress shielding and prosthesis fatigue were considered. The optimized design reduced stress shielding by 50+% when compared to a conventional generic implant, and the fatigue life met the ISO standards. Additionally, manufacturability was considered in the design process and a Ti-6Al-4V prototype was printed with an EOS selective laser melting machine.

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This article discusses the importance of PdM for industrial process applications and investigates a number of emerging technologies that enable this approach, including online energy-efficiency evaluation and continuous condition monitoring. The article gives an overview of existing and future technologies that can be used in these areas. Two methods for bearing fault detection and energy-efficiency estimation are discussed. The article concludes with focus on one pilot installation at Weyerhaeuser's Containerboard Packaging Plant in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, USA, monitoring three critical induction motors: a 75-hrho blower motor, a 50-hrho hydraulic pump motor, and a 200-hp compressor motor. Finally, the field experience gained in this plant is presented as two case studies.

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