In this article, the current knowledge and knowledge gaps in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and plants and importance in terms of animal and human health are discussed. Some recommendations are provided for generation of the data required in order to develop risk assessments for AMR within agriculture and for risks through the food chain to animals and humans.

in plant signaling and alteration of gene expression has only been demonstrated for phosphatidic acid, which is produced through the activity of phospholipase D (21). Therefore, further research on LPC generation and signaling can hopefully tell us more about the evolution of response regulation in plants and mammals, including that in the development of the AM symbiosis.