Fabienne Shumbusho and colleagues evaluate a task-shifting model of nurse-centered antiretroviral treatment prescribing in rural primary health centers in Rwanda and find that nurses can effectively and safely prescribe ART when given adequate training, mentoring, and support.

for sharing insights that informed the vision; and Brooke Partridge, Liz Grubin, Tamsyn Seimon, and Julie Pohlig for input on communicating the vision.

Rwanda's national ART program achieved excellent 6- and 12-month retention and immunologic outcomes during the first 2 years of rapid scale-up. Routine supervision is required to improve compliance with clinical guidelines and data quality.

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