No abstract

Teacher training is an important key of education, although some authors consider the training is not helpful in order to improve learning science of the future teachers. Understanding scientific and mathematics concepts is necessary to develop the logical or abstract reasoning. Most commonly used, the PISA test is a basis in the scientific and mathematics education. In this research, it measures the logical reasoning with the test of logical reasoning and the reading speed and comprehension have been measured by a science PISA test. The students are 109 years old studying to be kindergarten teachers. They use Socrative and their smartphones in order to answer the questions. The results show that the logical reasoning is in the lowest level, the concrete level. The older students have better results than the younger students and there is a correlation between the reading speed and logical reasoning.

This self-perception error of true aerobic capacity could lead to premature fatigue during a rescue, endangering both the lifeguard's life and the life of the victim. These data may help lifeguards and beach managers to become aware of the need to know lifeguards' true physical conditions through testing and structured training programs.