Synthesis of 2-dodecanoyl furan is a crucial step in the formulation of oleo-furan sulfonates as bio-surfactants from biomass-derived furans and vegetable-oil-derived molecules. Herein, cross-ketonization of 2-furoic acid and lauric acid...

We have developed inorganic oxalate compounds ½PPh 3 ðCH 2 PhÞ½Mð2; 2 0-bipyridineÞ n ðoxalateÞ ð3−nÞ (n ¼ 1,2,3;M¼ Co, Fe, Cr) capable of acting as negative-tone extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resists. Two important trends are observed: (1) sensitivity increases with the number of oxalate ligands; (2) Cobalt and iron complexes exhibit greater sensitivity than analogous chromium complexes. Lithographic studies of the most successful compound, ½PPh 3 ðCH 2 PhÞ½Coð2; 2 0-bipyridineÞðoxalateÞ 2 , show that it can consistently achieve 20 nm h/p lines at doses approaching 30 mJ∕cm 2. Infrared, paramagnetic nuclear magnetic resonance, and cyclic voltammetric studies of this compound show that the reaction products of the EUV photochemistry are Co(II)(2,2'-bipyridine) (oxalate) and ½PPh 3 ðCH 2 PhÞ 2 ðoxalateÞ formed from the decomposition of one of the oxalate ligands into two equivalents each of carbon dioxide and electrons.