States' practice shows that intelligence agencies have carried out not only espionage, but also other, less noble activities, such as hybrid warfare. Traditionally, international law tolerates espionage, while domestic criminal law generally allows its prosecution. However, this precarious equilibrium is changing due to the growth in cyber espionage, which allows espionage to be carried out more effectively. Not surprisingly, there is increasing interest in States’ practice, as new legal instruments for exercising extraterritorial jurisdiction over cyber espionage have been adopted. This article tries to assess whether these new legal instruments should be considered a new trend in international law, or a sporadic exercise of lawfare. Key words Extraterritorial jurisdiction, cyber espionage, lawfare, improper foreign influence, economic espionage. Povzetek Praksa v državah kaže, da obveščevalne agencije ne izvajajo le vohunjenja, temveč tudi druge, manj plemenite dejavnosti, kot je hibridno vojskovanje. Mednarodno pravo tradicionalno dopušča vohunjenje, domače kazensko pravo pa navadno omogoča njegov pregon. Ne glede na to se nestabilno ravnovesje zaradi rasti kibernetskega vohunjenja, ki omogoča učinkovitejše izvajanje, spreminja. Ni presenetljivo, da se povečuje zanimanje za prakso držav, saj so bili sprejeti novi pravni instrumenti za izvajanje zunajozemeljske pristojnosti nad kibernetskim vohunjenjem. V članku poskušamo oceniti, ali je treba nove pravne instrumente obravnavati kot nov pojav v mednarodnem pravu ali kot občasno uporabo prava kot orožja. Ključne besede Zunajozemeljska pristojnost, kibernetsko vohunjenje, uporabo prava kot orožja , neprimerno tuje vplivanje, ekonomsko vohunjenje.
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