Technological change is creating strategic and managerial challenges. This holds true in the case of disruptive innovations, which are reshaping industry boundaries, exposing organizations to new competitive logics and threats. Companies face the need of new strategies and innovative thinking capabilities. This chapter provides a systematic literature review on the role of disruptions by identifying the changes they have brought in the markets and the new challenges for managers, especially within the domain of strategic management, since disruptive innovations may modify strategic and innovative thinking. The final analysis has been conducted on 19 journal articles published between 1995 and 2018. The results show the strong interplay existing between strategy and innovation management, but they also highlight the relationship between innovative thinking, learning, human capital, and capabilities' acquisition. Furthermore, they encourage further research in the light of the multiple trajectories offered by innovation and disruptions for diverse companies and industries.