ReviewFast analysis in liquid chromatography using small particle size and high pressureIn order to enhance chromatographic performances in terms of efficiency and rapidity, LC has recently evolved in the development of short columns packed with small particles (sub-2 lm) working at high pressures (A400 bar). This approach has been described 30 years ago according to the fundamental chromatographic equations. However, systems and columns compatible with such high pressures have been introduced in the market in 2004 only. Advantages of small particles working at high pressure will be discussed in terms of sensitivity, efficiency, resolution, and analysis time. Potential problems encountered with high pressure in terms of frictional heating and solvent compressibility will also be discussed even if systems working at a maximum pressure of 1000 bar are not influenced by these parameters and give reliable and reproducible results. Several applications will highlight the potential and interest of this new technology.

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* These authors contributed equally.Ion mobility spectrometry is an analytical technique known for more than 100 years, which entails separating ions in the gas phase based on their size, shape, and charge. While ion mobility spectrometry alone can be useful for some applications (mostly security analysis for detecting certain classes of narcotics and explosives), it becomes even more powerful in combination with mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Indeed, the limited resolving power of ion mobility spectrometry alone can be tackled when combining this analytical strategy with mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Over the last few years, the hyphenation of ion mobility spectrometry to mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry has attracted more and more interest, with significant progresses in both technical advances and pioneering applications. This review describes the theoretical background, available technologies, and future capabilities of these techniques. It also highlights a wide range of applications, from small molecules (natural products,