Kontrasepsi pascapersalinan penting untung mencegah kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan. Dalam melayani kontrasepsi pasca salin, klien dan pasangannya harus mendapat informasi dari petugas kesehatan secara lengkap dan jelas agar dapat menentukan pilihannya dengan tepat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimental. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh wanita usia subur berusia 20-35 tahun yang tinggal di wilayah Puskesmas Kamal, Bangkalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konseling bidan berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu menjadi akseptor IUD post plasenta berdasarkan analisis statistik. Hasil statistik menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan responden memilikiP value 0,014 pada kelompok perlakuan dan 0,025. Sedangkan pada variabel sikap menunjukkan P value 0,027 pada kelompok perlakuan dan 0,017 pada kelompok kontrol. Pemberian informasi dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan konseling sangat terkait dengan sikap/perilaku konselor dalam memberikan informasi Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara pemberian konseling dengan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap calon akseptor KB dalam pemilihan AKDR Post Plasenta Kata kunci : Konseling, pengetahuan, sikap, AKDR post plasenta

TAG depleted remnants of postprandial chylomicrons are a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that in the fasted state, the majority of chylomicrons are small enough for transcytosis to arterial subendothelial space and accelerate atherogenesis. However, the size distribution of chylomicrons in the absorptive state is unclear. This study explored in normolipidaemic subjects the postprandial distribution of the chylomicron marker, apoB-48, in a TAG-rich lipoprotein plasma fraction (Svedberg flotation rate (Sf>400), in partially hydrolysed remnants (Sf 20-400) and in a TAG-deplete fraction (Sf<20), following ingestion of isoenergetic meals with either palm oil (PO), rice bran or coconut oil. Results from this study show that the majority of fasting chylomicrons are within the potentially pro-atherogenic Sf<20 fraction (70-75 %). Following the ingestion of test meals, chylomicronaemia was also principally distributed within the Sf<20 fraction. However, approximately 40 % of subjects demonstrated exaggerated postprandial lipaemia specifically in response to the SFA-rich PO meal, with a transient shift to more buoyant chylomicron fractions. The latter demonstrates that heterogeneity in the magnitude and duration of hyper-remnantaemia is dependent on both the nature of the meal fatty acids ingested and possible metabolic determinants that influence chylomicron metabolism. The study findings reiterate that fasting plasma TAG is a poor indicator of atherogenic chylomicron remnant homoeostasis and emphasises the merits of considering specifically, chylomicron remnant abundance and kinetics in the context of atherogenic risk. Few studies address the latter, despite the majority of life being spent in the postprandial and absorptive state.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundSubjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) exhibit impaired lipoprotein metabolism and have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Although the risk is attributed primarily to the risk associated with individual components, it is also likely affected by other associated metabolic defects. Remnants of postprandial lipoproteins show potent atherogenicity in cell and animal models of insulin resistance and in pre-diabetic subjects with postprandial dyslipidemia. However, few studies have considered regulation of chylomicron remnant homeostasis in MetS per se. This study measured the plasma concentration in Caucasian men and women of small dense chylomicrons following fasting and explored associations with metabolic and anthropometric measures.MethodsA total of 215 Australian Caucasian participants (median age 62 years) were investigated. Of them, 40 participants were classified as having MetS. Apolipoprotein (apo) B-48, an exclusive marker of chylomicrons, metabolic markers and anthropometric measures were determined following an overnight fast.ResultsThe fasting apo B-48 concentration was 40 % higher in subjects with MetS than those without MetS. In all subjects, triglyceride (r = 0.445, P < 0.0005), non-HDL cholesterol (r = 0.28, P < 0.0005) and HDL cholesterol concentration (r = −0.272, P < 0.0005) were weakly associated with apo B-48 concentration. In subjects with MetS, the association of apo B-48 with triglyceride and non-HDL cholesterol was enhanced, but neither were robust markers of elevated apo B-48 in MetS (r = 0.618 and r = 0.595 respectively). There was no association between apo B-48 and HDL cholesterol in subjects with MetS.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a substantial accumulation of pro-atherogenic remnants in subjects with MetS. We have shown that in a Caucasian cohort, the fasting plasma concentration of triglyceride or HDL/non-HDL cholesterol serves as poor surrogate markers of atherogenic chylomicron remnants. These findings suggest that subjects with MetS exhibit a chronic defect in chylomicron metabolism that is likely to contribute to their increased CV risk.

The Merdeka Curriculum tries to restore the paradigm of Indonesian education in accordance with Ki Hajar Dewantara's Educational Philosophy. Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy which upholds meeting the needs of students as the main goal of education. Fulfilling students' needs by optimizing their potential through the pamong and among systems is based on the motto Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodho, Ing Madya Mbangun Karso, Tut Wuri Handayani. These three mottoes will later be implemented in the Pamong and Among systems in Student Centered-based learning so that later there will be harmony between creativity, sense of initiative and character. The implementation of Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy is evident in the learning outcomes in vocational education in general subject matters and vocational subject matters. It is clear that the government's efforts to prepare students to become future generations are ready to compete in the coming era.