Religious institutions tend to display a conservative view towards individuals with alternate sexuality or identity. For managing patients with alternate sexuality, it is imperative that clinicians understand and take into account religious views and its effects on a person's mental health. We review the literature on religion, alternate sexuality, and psychiatry to ascertain their interaction and impact on the mental health of individuals with alternate sexuality or identity. Differing but overlapping perspectives on alternate sexuality persist across world religions. Individuals with conflict between religious and sexual identities are prone to have adverse mental health outcomes; adequate social supports result in more positive mental health outcomes. Education on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex-related topics in mental health professionals leads to better recognition of the issue and provision of respectful, effective mental health care within the context of socio-religious identity and background.

More than 50% of world’s population lives in the cities that are bustling with possibilities. Growth in these cities is mainly associated with the change in their demographic and geographical situations. Globalization has contributed further to movement of people and resources creating tensions and overpopulation in some parts and reduction in others. It is inevitable that overpopulation and urbanization leading to overcrowding have been shown to have negative consequences on people’s physical and mental health. Numerous efforts have been made through governmental policies and non-governmental organization (NGO) involvement in order to promote healthy cities between policymakers, healthcare professionals, and community members.