The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the level of glutathione reductase [GR] in relation with the severity of nuclear cataract and the increase of age. An analytic cross sectional observasional study of nuclear cataract patient seen at Saiful Anwar Hospital and Mass Cataract Surgery performed by Perdami Malang was carried out. Patients were classified into 3 groups based on age and 4 groups based on severity of nuclear cataract. The samples were taken by consecutive sampling and were operated on visual indication. The extracted lens were examined for [GR]. The laboratory findings of [GR] were compared with the severity of senile cataract. The data were analyzed with one way ANOVA. Confidence limit was set at 95%. A total of 55 patients were included with the sample size in 40-50 age group less than estimation. The [GR] were found to be significanfly lower in the older age (p=0,01) and the more severe cataract groups (p=0,00). The [GR] were also found to be significantly decreased with the increase of cataract severity in 40-50 age group (p=0,00), 50-60 age group (p=0,01) and >60 age group (p=0,00). In the grade 2 cataract, there were no significant difference of [GR] between age group (p=0.22). This also occured in grade 3 (p=0.23) while in the grade 4, there were significant difference between age group (p=0.01). This also occured in grade 5 (p=0.06). Pearson correlation test showed that there was a strong correlation between [GR] and increase of age (r=0.979) and cataract severity (r=0.969). But in the same cataract grade, the increase of age was not always associated with low [GR] r=0.413,for grade 2, r=0.876 for grade 4 and r=0.731 for grade 5). The conclusion is the increase of age and severity of nuclear cataract In senile cataract, are associated with low [GR]. This association was also found, with the increase of cataract severity in the same age group. However, in the same cataract grade the increase of age is not always associated with a low [GR] Key words: senile cataract -glutathione reductase -nuclear cataract grade -age PENDAHULUANKatarak senilis (Age-related Cataract) merupakan salah satu problem utama kesehatan masyarakat di dunia (1,2). Di negara sedang berkembang, dimana fasilitas kesehatan masih terbatas, terutama fasilitas operasi, buta katarak mencapai hampir setengah dari semua kebutaan (1,(3)(4). Angka kebutaan didunia 0,1-0,4% pada negara maju, sedang di negara sedang berkembang tercatat 0,5-1,5% dengan sebab utama katarak (5,6). Di Indonesia menurut Survei Kesehatan Indra Penglihatan dan Pendengaran Tahun 1993-1996 angka kebutaan 1,5% dengan penyebab utama katarak (0,78%) (7,8).Faktor resiko terjadinya katarak senilis sangat beragam. Faktor personal seperti usia, jenis kelamin, etnis dan keturunan sangat penting. Saat ini penelitian dilakukan pada interaksi antara genetik dan lingkungan yang mempengaruhi genetik tersebut.Faktor lingkungan sangat penting dalam kataraktogenesis. Faktor-faktor tersebut sering terjadi pada masyarakat misal merokok d...

Purpose: To report the management of exposed glaucoma drainage device (GDD) tube using periosteal graft. Methods: A case report of patient from ophthalmology outpatient clinic in Dr. Saiful Anwar general Hospital. Results: A 26‐year‐old male with history of steroid induced glaucoma came to ophthalmology clinic. Patient already underwent several procedures to control his intraocular pressure (IOP), including trabeculectomy and implantation of GDD. Implantation of GDD is widely used to control IOP in glaucoma patients. One month after implantation, patient experienced exposed GDD tube. Exposed GDD tube is one of the most common complications. The incidence is about 12% and tend to happen in eyes that already underwent many surgeries previously. This condition needs a further operative procedure such as adding patch graft on exposed area, in this case patient underwent conjunctival and pericardial graft. One month after additional patch graft procedure, patient felt uncomfortable sensation and redness on his right eye, even though IOP was 12 mmHg. During anterior segment examination, tube expose was found again. Patient underwent periosteal graft from his right tibial bone and conjunctival pedicle flap. After 2 months of evaluation, the graft is attached and IOP controlled at 14 mmHg. Conclusions: Periosteal graft and conjunctival pedicle flap could be one of the appropriate choices to cover re‐exposed GDD tube.

ABSTRACTα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of myofibroblast, induces cytoskeleton reorganization, increases contractility and stimulates cell migration in TGF-β1 induced stress fibers. The aims of the present study were to determine the level of α-SMA expression and morphological cell changes in different passages of myofibroblasts with varied TGF-β1 concentrations. Myofibroblast cell cultures were derived from fibrotic tissues of fourth degree socket contracture. The α-SMA expression level was measured in myofibroblast cultures passage I, II, and III with and without 10 ng/mL TGF-β1, and in passage III with 2.5; 5; 10; and 20 ng/mL TGF-β1. Results: The levels of α-SMA expression level in passage I to III were I 31.42 ± 3.4; 40.34 ± 8.14 and 56.37 ± 7.57, respectively. Addition of 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 into passage I-III myofibroblast cultures resulted in α-SMA expression level of 31.24 ± 2.93; 36.81 ± 6.09; and 14.29 ± 2.72, respectively. Myoblasts passage III showed the lowest α-SMA expression level following exposure to TGF-β1 10 ng/mL (22.37 ± 12.86) and highest without TGF-β1 (48.34 ± 13.36), however no morphological changes detected. α-SMA expression level increased with cell passages, decreases with addition of TGF-β1 while not affecting morphology of myofibroblast derived from the orbital socket contracture.

Purpose To study the role of TGF‐□1 on the expression of RHO GTPase, GSK3, JNK, MMP‐2, □‐catenin and □‐SMA in the myofibroblast cell culture of orbital socket contracture. Methods This research is an experimental research with invitro model of the myofibroblast cell culture of orbital socket contracture. □‐Sma expression examine with immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Examination of the RHO GTPase, GSK3, JNK, MMP‐2, and □‐catenin expression using ELISA KIT, while the morphology of fibroblasts or myofibroblasts was examined by 100× magnification with an inverted Olympus IX 71 microscope and 400× magnification with CLSM FV1000 Results Increased dose of TGF‐□1 in passages 3 decreased the expression of a‐SMA and no morphological changes in myofibroblast cells. The morphology of myofibroblasts cells can not turn back into fibroblasts. Increased doses of TGF‐□1 increase JNK expression, slightly increase RHO GTPase expression, decrease GSK3 and a‐SMA expression, and doesn’t change MMP‐2 and □‐cathenine expression. Conclusions TGF‐□1 increase JNK expression and slightly RHO GTPase, but decrease the expression GSK3 and a‐SMA, and has no effect on MMP‐2 and □‐cathenine expression in Myofibroblast Cell Culture Orbital Soket Contracture.