1. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing globally, and changing in quality due to the installation of white LED street lighting. ALAN is a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, yet important knowledge gaps exist regarding the magnitude of impacts and how these vary between habitats and levels of exposure. TheThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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