This paper explores an economic system that is based on theological rationale to see whether the difficulties that Nigerians (Africans) face in developing can be viewed from a theological stand point. It uses the Parable of the Sheep and Goats recorded only in Matthew's Gospel to proffer solutions to the problem of underdevelopment in Nigeria by advocating for a theological economy. The methodologies used for the interpretation of this parable are hermeneutical-critical and reader-response. The results of this study show that if a theological economy is practiced as a lifestyle following the principles of theological economics as exemplified in the Parable of the Sheep and Goats, and the developing countries of the world adopt the attitude of the Sheep as against the Goats, it will give hope that Nigeria and Africa at large would experience not just development but sustainable development from now henceforth if practised if the principle is applied.

The background to this paper is that in academics, religious studies is not given its