Basic research into the cognitive, behavioral, familial, and physiological disturbances associated with depressive disorders during childhood is reviewed. hnplications for the development of a treatment program are discussed and a comprehensive treatment model is proposed. The proposed model includes intervention strategies for the child, parents, family, and school. The child component consists of intervention strategies for the affective, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological disturbances that are evident from the existing research. The parent training component is designed to address disturbances in parenting due to cognitive disturbances and skills deficits. The family therapy component emphasizes changing interaction patterns that communicate schema-consistent maladaptive interactions. A school consultation component is proposed in which school personnel support the skills training through prompting use of the skills and reinforcement of the use of the coping skills. Key words: Childhood depression, Treabnent of childhood depressionDepressive disorders during childhood appear to be more common and of longer duration than previously thought. Onsel of a depressive disorder during childhood is a risk factor for later episodes, impacts the youngster's psychosocial functioning, family system, and parent-child dyads, and has potentially life-threatening consequences. Perhaps because of a recognition of the seriousness of the disorder and the growing number of youths affected by it, research in the area has mushroomed over the past 15 years. As more is learned about the disorder, more issues become evident. Numerous advances have been made in many areas including: our understanding of the nature of the disorder, its impact on the youngster and his or her family. its course, common co-occurring disturbances, and how to assess it. However, issues surrounding the treatment of depressed children have been sorely neglecIed and few developmenlally sensitive treatment models have been proposed. Consequently, although a breadth of infonnation will be reviewed, the focus will be on integrating this information to highlight its treatment implications and on a proposed treatment model.When trying to develop an effective intervention for depressed youths, the most fundamental question that needs to be addressed is Ihe etiology of depressive disorders during childhood. If it is possible to identify etiologic variables and disturbances that are associated with the disorder, it may be 59possible to develop an intervention package that addresses each of the disturbances. This belief provides the structure around which this review was written. Infonnation was included to provide an understanding of the disturbances associated with depressive disorders during childhood and that bas implications for models of the etiology and treatment of depressive disorders. Both psychosocial and biological factors playa crucial role in the development and maintenance of depressive disorders. Research and theory regarding the major psy...

This paper examines HBO's The Sopranos in the context of several industrial factors. I begin with the series'generic inscription. As a gangster program, The Sopranos comes to us in the form of a pedigreed pre-sold product, a television text of esteemed cinematic lineage. This leads to the examination of branding. In order to corral The Sopranos into the slogan, “It's Not TV, It's HBO,” HBO seeks to differentiate its product from lowest common denominator, broadcast fare. The separation results in the construction of the “quality” brand, a problematic concept academics have linked to demographics. HBO's branding strategy has also intensified the claim of competition between pay cable and broadcast television in popular discourse. This claim is problematized by the ratings gathering methodology of A.C. Nielsen and by AOL Time Warner's tiering strategies. By examining the aforementioned strategies, I uncover the materialist— rather than auteurist—foundations of The Sopranos.

Podcasts often take the form of traditional public affairs and public service media in a hyper-competitive, neoliberalized space that prizes above all the attention given by individualized listeners to specific creators willing to put some version of their intimate selves on display. This dynamic is present in all forms of commercial media, but it is put in particularly sharp relief in the world of contemporary podcasting. This introductory essay considers this tension and, in doing so, frames the articles that appear throughout the special issue.

AMC offers an intriguing case study in the evolution of scripted series on cable television. At its inception, the network boasted one of the most stable and coherent brands on cable, and it now harbors one of the least. In spite of this shift, it has cultivated successful and noteworthy dramatic series. This article explores AMC’s contribution to the twenty-first-century television canon by examining its financial constraints, industrial misfortunes, and leadership changes. This article will construct a history of AMC by drawing from an interview with Vlad Wolynetz, former VP of production, series, and movies at AMC, and from two decades of trade and journalistic articles. AMC has adjusted its programming over time to accommodate the challenges that its minimal resources could not surmount, and its history calls into question the power of the brand and its connection to quality television.

The National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters implemented its Television Code in March 1952 to protect the commercial system from congressional attempts to reform it. Angered by the Code's prohibition of the so‐called astrological programs, viewers mobilized and wrote letters of protest to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1953. Taken as a whole, the letters demonstrate viewers' confusion about—but wholesale belief in—the FCC's role in regulating television, and they reveal viewers' discursive construction of this fledgling genre. Rather than analyzing the prohibition of astrological programs as a self‐regulatory maneuver or as a cultural moment, this article highlights the intersection of industrial self‐regulation, government regulatory power, and viewer feedback.