Despite the higher incidence among South Asians, South and East/Southeast Asian children have significantly less complicated clinical outcomes compared with Europeans.

No abstract

Overall, there are sparse data informing the use of antihypertensive agents in children, with outcomes reported limited to blood pressure and not end organ damage. The most data are available for candesartan, for which there is low-quality evidence of a modest lowering effect on blood pressure. We did not find evidence of a consistent dose response relationship for escalating doses of angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. All agents appear safe, at least in the short term.

The effect of unilateral nephrectomy on the cardiovascular risk profile of living kidney donors has not been prospectively studied. We performed an observational cohort study of 58 living donors to 6 months postdonation for changes in 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure profiles, renal function, urine protein excretion, body mass index, glucose tolerance, and fasting lipid profiles. The 24-hr systolic blood pressure average and night-day ratio were unchanged from pre- to postdonation (118.9+/-11 vs. 118.1+/-14 mm Hg, P=0.77; 0.87+/-0.07 vs. 0.87+/-0.09, P=0.68, respectively). Estimated glomerular filtration rate declined from 91.9+/-16 to 61.6+/-12 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P<0.0001). Protein excretion, body mass index, glucose, and lipids were unchanged. No significant differences were noted between dippers and nondippers either pre- or postdonation. In summary, living kidney donation in the short term is safe. We suggest further observation of individuals with lower glomerular filtration rate for possible increased cardiovascular risk factors in the future.

Overall, there are sparse data informing the use of antihypertensive agents in children, with outcomes reported limited to blood pressure and not end-organ damage. Most data are available for candesartan, for which there is low-quality evidence of a modest lowering effect on blood pressure. We did not find evidence of a consistent dose–response relationship for escalating doses of angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. All agents appear safe, at least in the short term.