The role of Elaeidobius kamerunicus in oil palm plantations in recent times is questioned related to the decline in oil palm productivity. The research aim is to study the E. kamerunicus beetle population and the factors that influence it. The study was carried out in the oil palm plantation PTP Nusantara VIII Cisalak Baru, Rangkasbitung-Banten. The beetle population were calculated on 3 spikelets at the base, middle, and end of an anthesis flower bunch of oil palm plant samples aged 13 and 5 years using purposive sampling method. Observation were carried out 3 times in May, September and November 2015. Morphological observation of beetle E.Kamerunicus was carried out in Balittro laboratory. The results showed that the population of E. kamerunicus in the study area was quite abundant and fluctuated. The average population of E. kamerunicus in oil palm plantation in May, September and November, are 15.168, 6.139, and 37.575 insect/ha in plantations aged 13 years, and 11.205, 7.534, and 49.209 insect / ha in oil palm plantation aged 5 years with the higest population occur in November. The fluctuation seem influenced by environmental factors such as rainfall, the present of rats as natural enemy, and the number of spikelet.
The decrease of Indonesian pepper production caused by the decrease of productivity in production centre. Many problems faced by smallholders. To find out the real problems of pepper cultivation, a research had been carried out in several production centre such as Lampong, Bangka, Central and West Java with the objectives : a) to explore the problems and the performance of pepper plantation, and b) to identify technology adoption and technology needed. The research were conducted from May through October 2017. The method used was survey by collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through intervieuwing farmers, local government, businessman and extension workers. SWOT analysis and FGD were used to arrange policy recommendations. The problems found out in pepper development in all areas were a) there was limited technologies adoption of seeds, cultivation and processing, b) the shortage of superior varieties in production centre, c) the shortage of farmers capital because of very srare partnership between farmers and businessman, d) very high attack of pest and deseases so that farmers changed their plant into oilpalm and rubber, e) world price fluctuation that farmers could not manage the plantation, d) climate change and e) the shortage of farmers mastering the technology..
<p>National sugar production of Indonesia was relatively stagnant in the period of (2010-2014) it’s about 2,5 milion ton, due to low produktivity and sugar rendement as well as a big constrain on sugarcane extensification program. Cropping patern arrangement of sugarcane varieties is very important for increasing sugarcane productivity and rendement, to achieve self sufficiency in sugar production and consumption. The proportion of suitable varieties planting in sugarcane areas is unideal, tend to be excesive for late varieties. Principally, landscapping of sugarcane varieties is planting superior varieties of sugarcane (highly productivity and rendement) which appropriate to planting system, maturity character, harvesting time and processing of sugar in sugar manufacture to gain maximum yield. In Indonesia case for period of 2015-2019, the superior varieties should be choosed which having potencial produktivity > 90 ton per ha and rendement > 9 %, for all maturity group of varieties (early, moderate and late), which suitable for areas development of sugarcane. The important step in the near future are (1). Mapping and determining available superior varieties of sugarcane which suitable for planting at the time periods, (2) Producing seeds of superior varieties, (3) Developing areas of sugarcane, intensification of sugarcane cultivation and developing good management of sugarcane manufacture (PG), (4) Supporting research for producing the most superior sugarcane varieties which are more than superior varieties available in Indonesia at the moment., (5) Highly commitment of all stakeholder to apply the program of cropping patern arrangement for sugarcane varieties in all development areas.</p>
United Nations Organization (UNO) has an agenda for 2030 for Sustainable Agriculture Development as a part of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It gives more attention to food security, regarding not only food availability but also food healthy and a friendly environment. A large amount of pesticide usage in the world increased by 36% or 4.2 million tons in the last two decades 2000-2019. Unfortunately, biopesticides as a part of pesticides that contribute to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and organic farming share only 1-5% of pesticides on the global market, while it is believed to have a good prospect to be used widely in the future. Due to the hazardous and harmful pesticides, the world countries apply regulations and registration to minimize the bad effect of pesticide use but these are varied in many countries. The difference between synthetic chemical pesticides and the biopesticide mode of action should be considered to have fair regulations. On the global market, there are 1400 biopesticides products. Innovation on biopesticides due to control pests as well as facing environmental and health issues is quite developed, however, it has some constraints in certain aspects to increase the use to support sustainable agriculture development, such as variability in knowledge, different regulations in any country, and lack of distribution at the farmer level. To encourage the wide use of biopesticides can be recommended some strategies for the national government (1) cut off the use of chemical pesticides, (2) develop some research for the near future, such as redesigning cropping systems, enhancing prophylaxis, (3) support the development of public policies and private initiatives for the transition toward pesticide-free agri-food systems, (4) reduce some requirements in biopesticide registration such as toxicological tests, environmental tests, residual tests, and acute oral and dermal tests.
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