No abstract

All countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic have established several policies to control the spread of the disease. The government of Indonesia has enforced a work-from-home policy and large-scale social restrictions in most regions that result in the changes in community mobility in various categories of places. This study aims to (1) investigate the impact of large-scale restrictions on provincial-level mobility in Indonesia, (2) categorize provinces based on mobility patterns, and (3) investigate regional socio-economic characteristics that may lead to different mobility patterns. This study utilized Provincial-level Google Mobility Index, Flight data scraped from daily web, and regional characteristics (e.g., poverty rate, percentages of informal workers). A Dynamic Time Warping method was employed to investigate the clusters of mobility. The study shows an intense trade-off of mobility pattern between residential areas and  public areas. In general, during the first 2.5 months of the pandemic, people had reduced their activities in public areas and preferred to stay at home. Meanwhile, provinces have different mobility patterns from each other during the period of the large-scale restrictions. The differences in mobility are mainly led by the percentage of formal workers in each region.

Pandemi COVID-19 membawa dampak yang buruk bagi perekonomian dunia khususnya Indonesia dengan banyaknya sektor yang terdampak. Resesi yang dialami Indonesia hingga triwulan I/2021 membuat perlu adanya kajian pemulihan ekonomi yang lebih luas, salah satunya dengan melihat dari sisi sektoral. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan input-output untuk melihat dampak dari masing-masing sektor, yang dikombinasikan dengan analisis siklus bisnis untuk memperoleh pengelompokan sektor berdasarkan siklus bisnisnya yang bermanfaat untuk mengetahui potensi dan titik balik pemulihan sehingga dapat dilakukan kebijakan yang tepat. Analisis ini dilengkapi dengan melihat dari sisi tenaga kerja sebagai investasi dalam pemulihan perekonomian dengan menganalisis elastisitas tenaga kerja pada masing-masing sektor sehingga upaya pemulihan lebih menyeluruh. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu sektor manufaktur masih merupakan sektor yang dapat mendorong stimulus tenaga kerja. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa sektor konstruksi serta sektor informasi dan komunikasi menjadi potensi pemulihan di masa pandemi dengan keunggulannya namun memiliki siklus bisnis dan elastisitas tenaga kerja yang berbeda.

Building good human capital can be based on how the Education scheme and sustainable Long-term programs are built. In entering current market share, business organizations face a diverse work environment with sustainable change and development and with the speed to respond to change effectively. In addition, for Indonesia with its diversity, it has a duty to create competitive advantage based on the existence of quality human resources that contribute to the creation of organizational sustainability in the trade sector. The emergence of a series of challenges in the knowledge economy has had a clear reflection on business organizations that have begun to look for new mechanisms to compete and ensure their existence in the business world. Therefore, the importance of the concept of competitive advantage, based on human resources, is a requirement needed to face challenges faced by local, regional or international organizations (Global Institute, 2011). competitive advantage based on human resources is the main producer of new ideas, development of old ideas, and contributions to help in the ability of organizations to expand their current market share and maximize value. On the other hand, placing someone in the right position is also an optimization in productivity. This study aims to see the impact of competitive advantage through investment in intellectual capital and regional specificity as one of the elements in the creation of sustainable organizations in the export sector. Simple and multiple regression is used for data analysis and testing the hypothesis of this study. This research has achieved a series of results reinforced by previous studies in this field such as: Competitive advantage based on different capital is the optimal method that must be used because it contributes to the optimal investment of human resources. This leads to optimal organizational sustainability for companies in various fields and also contributes to the achievement of the company's mission and vision in the future.

The era of the industrial revolution requires extra handling if you want to compete well in it. In focusing on determining the right policy, it certainly requires an indicator that is able to answer the needs of my policy. The need that the Indonesian government usually wants is spatial mapping, given that Indonesia has a high heterogeneous level. In entering the era of industrial revolution, the role of technology is certainly undeniable, thus it is necessary to have indicators to illustrate how ready Indonesia is to navigate the waves of technology. The strategy that can be combined with technological progress is the diversity of Indonesia itself. With the optimization of specialization and regional comparative advantage can trigger synergies that can be used as a basis in competing in the international trade market. Therefore, there needs to be an analysis of the effects of technology combined with specialization as the proxy for regional comparative advantage of Indonesia. This can help in analyzing productivity or even other trading problems. Guided by the establishment of a competitiveness index and by utilizing spatial panel data modeling, this study is able to map the direct and indirect effects of these variables on an area. On the other hand, it can be seen how indicators improve competitiveness and not just trading volume.