Gambir is a specific plant for Indonesia with the central area of West Sumatra Province. Gambir plant processed products are widely used for medicines, cosmetics and dyes. Gambir production has been going on for more than a century in the central villages of West Sumatra Province, but there are still many problems in gambir production that are detrimental to gambir farmers. The problems felt by gambir farmers so far include the fluctuating price of processed gambir products and tend to be cheap. The low price of processed farmers' gambir is because the production process is traditional and mixes with other ingredients so it is not hygienic. Furthermore, the low price of processed gambir products is because they are only sold to collectors in village markets (monopsony market structure). Seeing the above problems, the solution as well as the wishes of the community, first is training and assistance for pure and hygienic gambier processing. Both training and assistance in selling pure products through online media to get more consumers.
Heat Exchanger 212-E9 is one part of the working fluid Debutanizer unit with seawater on inner tubes and H2S on the outside of the tubes. These tubes have failed in the form of leakage. Here the analysis of leakage and the remaining life of the tubes are based on data from the inspection and analysis of general corrosion of the tubes. Part inlet tube erosion-corrosion as well as there are some leaks in the tubes. From the results of inspections in the field, erosion-corrosion of the inlet tube caused by the flow of seawater on the inlet tube containing a solution/coarse material. While the leakage that occurs in tubes due to the H2S concentration is too high, which is equal to 2 mol % H2S. In fact, the recommended H2S concentration is 0.32 mol % H2S. The high level of concentration of H2S is not suitable with the level of material resistance tubes. In the analysis of remaining life obtained maximum corrosion rate in the tubes of 0.2372 mm/year. With the usage time now is 6 year obtained remaining life of 2.5 year again. Referring to the results of the analysis of leakage and remaining life on the tubes is recommended that a filtering of the seawater before entering into the tubes and provide tubes protector on the inlet tube so that tubes are protected from erosion-corrosion, and which is necessary to regulate the level of concentration of H2S Heat Exchanger flowing at the recommended standards.
The national electrification ratio is only 72.95%. As many as 27.05% of the territory in Indonesia has not been reached by electricity with various obstacles, one of which is because of the remote location so that access is difficult. One of the efforts to overcome the electricity problem is to take advantage of the potential energy sources around people's residences. One potential that might be used is a water energy source with low head and discharge. Ideally, this is done by using a generator system that uses a propeller type turbine. The difficulty of making propeller turbines is especially in the manufacture of housings and turbine blades. In this research, an attempt is made to simplify the turbine housing and turbine blades so that they are easy to manufacture. The design is made for Head (H) : 5 m Water flow (Q) : 0.11 m3/s Viscosity (ρ) : 998 kg/m3 Gravity (g) : 9.81 m/s2 Assumed hydraulic efficiency (ηh) : 0 ,80 Power (P) : 4,37 kW, Angle of attack (180o-β∞) 16o, Glide angle 55o, Thickness of inner blade(λ) 2,16o, Thickness of outer blade(δ) 2o. Simplification of the turbine housing is carried out by making the turbine housing from pipe iron and the simplification of the turbine blade is carried out by making turbine blades by eliminating the aerodynamic cross section of the blades, so that the blades can be made of steel plates without casting as is treated in aerodynamic sections. To see the effect of aerodynamic and non-aerodynamic cross-sectional shapes on efficiency, an efficiency test will be carried out.
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