The dependence of farmers on the use of high external inputs causes farmers to be independent and ignore environmental aspects. The lack of independence of farmers makes farmers powerless in utilizing local resources. The application of LEISA enables farmers to minimize the use of external inputs and be able to utilize local resources. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of empowerment of farmers, determine the factors that influence and formulate appropriate strategies to increase empowerment. Data collection was conducted from March to July 2020. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The conclusion of the study shows that the strategy of increasing empowerment can be done by expanding land, increasing farmer institutional support, increasing the availability of information sources.

Cianjur District is one area that has the potential to produce rice, especially in the lowlands because it has a large area of ​​rice harvest area in Cianjur Regency. Based on BPS data for 2018, Cianjur District has an area of ​​rice harvesting area of ​​2,501 Ha. According to the Programa Subdistrict of Cianjur in 2018, farmers who had applied the IPM concept were 81%. The data shows that more than half of the farmers in Cianjur District have applied the IPM concept. The research aims to describe the level of technology adoption in integrated pest control using refugia plants, analyze factors related to the rate of technology adoption, and formulate strategies to increase technology adoption in integrated pest control by using refugia plants in rice cultivation. The study was conducted in Cianjur Subdistrict Cianjur Regency in March to July 2020. The research sample was 41 rice farmers taken using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and a strategy model for developing farmers' adoption rates. The results showed that the level of technology adoption in integrated pest control using refugia plants in rice cultivation in Cianjur District was included in the medium category with a percentage (80 , 5%), so it needs to be increased again. Factors that influence the level of technology adoption in integrated pest control using refugia plants in rice cultivation are length of time and relative profit. The strategy to increase the level of technology adoption in the use of refugia plants as integrated pest control is to strengthen extension activities by increasing extension intensity, extension methods through demonstration methods and demonstration plots, and extension materials and media that are more suited to farmers' needs.

The research aims to analyze descriptively the role of leadership, the effectiveness of farmer groups, group internal factors, and group external factors, and analyze the relationship between leadership roles, group internal factors, and group external factors with the effectiveness of farmer groups. The study was conducted in Garut Regency, West Java from June to November 2019. The study population was farmers who were members of farmer groups in the study area. The sample of 80 people was selected using a proportional random sampling technique. The research instrument has fulfilled the validity and reliability test. The research variables consist of farmer’s characteristics, external factors, the leadership of chairman, and group effectiveness. Farmer’s characteristics consist of education, land area, business experience, membership period, cosmopolitan behavior and motivation. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistical analysis and Rank Spearman’s correlation test. The results of the study of the relationship between the leadership of the chairman with the effectiveness of farmer groups can be concluded that the majority of farmers (45.50%) are of medium age and between 35 years and 54 years. The formal education of farmers is mostly (48.75%) of junior high school graduates. The majority of land managed by farmers (40%) is narrow and less than 0.30 hectares. Most group members (53.75%) have business experience between 10 years and 25 years. Most group members (48.75%) have been members for more than 8 years. Cosmopolitan attitudes and motivations of the majority of farmers in the medium category. External factors of group members, leadership roles, and group effectiveness are in the medium category. The development of group effectiveness can be done through strengthening the chairman’s leadership, business experience, cosmopolitan behavior, motivation, and external factors of the group.