Introduction: Meningomyelocele, more commonly known as spina bifida (open) is a congenital malformation of the central nervous system and is associated with significant morbidity. Myelomeningocele is a commonly seen congenital birth defect in children. The most common associations with myelomeningocele are hydrocephalus and ACM Type 2. Folic acid deficiency and parental consanguinity appear to play a major part in this type of congenital defects. Objectives: To analyse the clinical profile and outcome of surgery in cases of myelomeningocele associated with Arnold Chiari malformation II and hydrocephalus. Methods: A Retrospective Cohort study was done starting from January 2015 to January 2019 in the Department of Neurosurgery at SBKS Medical College. Total 18 patients with Myelomeningocele associated with Arnold Chiari malformation II and Hydrocephalus were analysed and evaluated. Follow up of cases was done for a minimum period of 6 months. Results: Out of 18 total cases, the majority of cases, i.e., 76.8%, had myelomeningocele with Chiari II malformation and hydrocephalus. Ratio of females to males was 1.14. Prenatal folic acid supplementation was missed amongst 80% of the cases. 16.6% cases had positive parental consanguinity. Mortality was seen in 2 cases due to post operative complications. Myelomeningocele (MMC)

Objective Brain mapping techniques allow one to effectively approach tumors involving the primary sensory-motor cortex and nearby area (M1). Tumor resectability and maintenance of patient integrity depend on the ability to successfully identify motor tracts during resection by choosing the most appropriate neurophysiological paradigm for motor mapping. Mapping with a high frequency (HF) stimulation technique has emerged as the most efficient tool to identify motor tracts because of its versatility in different clinical settings. At present, few data are available on the use of HF for removal of tumors predominantly involving M1.  Methods The authors have analysed a series of 6 patients with brain tumors within M1, by reviewing the use of HF as a guide. The neurophysiological protocols adopted during resections were described and correlated with  patients’ clinical and tumor imaging features. Feasibility of mapping, extent of resection, and motor function assessment  were used to evaluate the oncological and functional outcome to be correlated with the selected neurophysiological  parameters used for guiding resection. The study aimed to define the most efficient protocol to guide resection for each  clinical condition. gliomas