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3 ESTABLISHING THE ORCHARD Land selection and size of orchard Deep soils having good drainage are most important for optimum apple production, and soils containing claypans, hardpans, or underlain with gravel should he avoided. Heavy-textured surface soils are more difficult to work than loams or sandy loams, and they create more problems with crown rot.An adequate supply of good irrigating water is necessary in most appleproducing areas. In certain sections (the Sebastopol district, for example) apples can be grown without supplemental irrigation, but even in good dry-land areas supplemental irrigation will improve yield and tree vigor.