-The objective of this experiment was to estimate the curve of dehydration, chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein digestibility (IVCPD) of tifton 85 hay, produced single or overseeded with ryegrass or white oat IPR 126. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 3 × 10 factorial arrangement, with three cropping systems and ten evaluation times (0, 4, 8, 24, 28, 32, 48, 52 and 56 and 71 hours after harvest) during the dehydration process. For chemical composition and in vitro DM and CP digestibility, the experimental design was in randomized blocks with three cropping systems and three evaluation times (before cutting, before baling and 100 days after of storage). It was found that tifton 85 intercropped with white oat kept its higher nutritional value after storage, with 19.78% crude protein and 70.03% of in vitro dry matter digestibility. The participation of white oat in tifton 85 area was 57.04% and for ryegrass, it was 38.52%, but the dry matter yield of single tifton 85 was higher than other intercrops. Thus, it is recommended an oversowing of winter annual species on Tifton 85, without moisture restriction, because of the benefits obtained in the hay nutritional value.

Aluminum (Al 3+) toxicity is a major limiting factor to crop productivity in acid soils. The effects of aluminum on root and shoot growth of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) young plants and, the uptake and distribution of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and aluminum in the roots and shoots were investigated in the present study. Plants were grown in 2.5L pots in a greenhouse. After fourteen days of adaptation to nutrient solution, plants were exposed to Al concentrations of 0, 370, 740, 1,100 and 1,480 μmol L -1 , corresponding to an active Al 3+ solution of 13.3, 35.3, 90.0, 153.3 and 220.7 μmol L -1 , respectively. The dry matter partitioning between roots, stems and leaves, and the concentrations of P, Ca, Mg and Al in plant tissue, were measured after 75 days exposure to Al. The increasing level of Al 3+ activity in solution progressively decreased the growth of the shoot and root of physic nut plants, and at the two highest active Al 3+ levels, plants showed morphological abnormalities typical of the toxicity caused by this metal. Higher Al 3+ activity reduced P concentrations in leaves and Ca and Mg in leaves and roots of physic nut, demonstrating the effect of Al on the uptake, transport and use of these nutrients by plants. The Al accumulated preferentially in the roots of physic nut, whereas only a small amount was transported to shoots. Key words: Jatropha curcas, aluminum toxicity, aluminum tolerance Resumo

No abstract

-This research study was conducted to evaluate, by means of microbiological analyses, the preservation of wet brewery waste stored under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, regarding the development of filamentous fungi, yeasts and lactic-acid bacteria. The following treatments were used: untreated brewery waste, pre-dried brewery waste silage, brewery waste silage with effluent drainage and BW silage without effluent drainage. Silos made of PVC and equipped with Bunsen valves to allow gases to escape were used. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), temperature (°C) and pH in the untreated BW, in the stored brewery waste and in the brewery waste silage upon silo opening, after 60 days of ensilage were analyzed. A completely randomized design was used. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level. The preservation of brewery waste packaged under aerobic conditions was not appropriate due to the development of filamentous fungi and yeasts; however, storage under anaerobic conditions proved to be an effective conservation process.

RESUMOO experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da Unioeste, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brasil, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de doses crescentes de N sobre características estruturais e composição química de três gramíneas forrageiras tropicais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com três forrageiras tropicais (Panicum maximum cvs. tanzânia e mombaça, e Brachiaria sp. cv. mulato) e quatro doses de N (0; 40; 80 e 160 kg/ha) tendo como fonte a uréia. Foram avaliados: a altura do dossel, a relação folha/colmo, a proporção de folhas e de colmos na forragem produzida, o diâmetro e a altura do pseudocolmo, e os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e matéria mineral (MM). Houve efeito das doses de N sobre a altura do dossel e sobre a altura do pseudocolmo, que apresentaram comportamento quadrático. A relação folha/colmo respondeu de forma negativa às doses de N, enquanto o diâmetro do pseudocolmo foi influenciado apenas pelas forrageiras. Para o teor de PB foi constatada significância da interação dos fatores, de forma que na dose de 80 kg/ha de N o capim tanzânia foi superior aos demais. Os teores de FDN responderam de forma quadrática às doses de N, enquanto os teores de FDA foram influenciados apenas pelas forrageiras. SUMMARYThe experiment was carried out in the experimental farm of Unioeste, Marechal Candido Rondon, PR, Brasil, with the objective of evaluate the effects of increasing N doses under structural features and chemical composition of three tropical forage grasses. The experimental design used was of randomized blocks in factorial scheme 3x4, with three tropical forages (Panicum maximum cvs. tanzânia and mombaça, and Brachiaria sp. cv. mulato) and four doses of N (0; 40; 80 and 160 kg/ha) taking urea as N sources. Were evaluated: canopy height leaf/stem ratio, diameter and height of pseudoculm, and contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and mineral matter (MM). There was effect of N doses on canopy height and height of pseudoculm that showed quadratic behavior. The leaf/stem ratio responded negatively to N doses, while the diameter of pseudoculm was influenced only by forages. For CP content was found significance of interaction of factors, being that in dose of 80 kg/ha of N the Tanzania grass was higher than the other. The contents of NDF responded of form quadratic to N doses, while the contents of ADF were influenced only by forages. INTRODUÇÃOAs pastagens pela sua praticidade e