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The corrosion of steel bars causes the decline of their mechanical properties, the bond performance between steel bars and concrete and the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns. Four reinforced concrete columns were designed and fabricated with the corrosion rates set to be 0 and 8%, respectively. By carrying out tests on the seismic performance of four specimens with the axial compression ratio of 0.2, the effect of reinforcement layers on the seismic bearing capacity, stiffness, hysteretic performance, ductility and energy-dissipation capacity of the corroded reinforced concrete columns was analyzed. The results obtained in this research can be directly used for the simulation analysis of the seismic performance of corroded reinforced concrete columns after reinforcement.