The article reviews medicinal properties of Cantharellus cibarius. Fruiting bodies of this species are a promising source of extracts with vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, polysaccharides, sterols, phenolic acids, which various biological properties.

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We defined the regularities in spatial distribution of Macrolepiota excoriata based on the occurrence data, as well as bioclimatic characteristics in order to control species status in the natural environment. Points of presence occurring in the steppe of Central Altai Mountains have the most optimal conditions for M. excoriata in Asia.

Based on morphological research methods, the morphological characteristics of a rare species of polyporoid fungi – Polyporus rhizophilus, adapted to live as a parasite of grasses in steppe communities of subarid and arid regions, were evaluated. Morphological structures of fruiting bodies of fungi are subject to variability, which may be due to the influence of environmental factors and the specifics of the substrate on which the fruiting bodies of fungi develop. The appearance of identical morphological features in different phylogenetic groups is adaptive convergent. In this regard, molecular genetic research is a necessary condition for distinguishing taxa and clarifying their phylogenetic relationships.