In this study, it was aimed to determine the usability of different diluents and cry protectants in cryopreservation of Peking duck semen. Semen samples were collected from five male ducks, twice a week for four weeks, using the abdominal massage method. In the study, 40 semen samples were used. Semen samples from ducks were combined (mixed) after being evaluated individually. Mix semen volume (ml), density (×109 / mL), pH, motility (%) and vitality (%) values were determined as 1.84±0.04, 1.72±0.8, 6.88±0.29, 71.55±3.28 and 74.27±4.67 respectively. In the study, as cry protectant, Glucose I (GⅠ) containing 6%DMF (dimethylformamide), Tris-Glucose I (TI), Lactated Ringer's-Glucose I (LGI), Lactated Ringer's I (LI) and Glucose II (GⅠI) containing 5% DMSO, Tris-Glucose II (TII), Lactated Ringer's-Glucose II (LGII), Lactated Ringer's II (LII) were used as diluents. The mixed semen was divided into eight equal parts and 1:3 ratio diluent was added and equilibrated in straws for 90 minutes at + 4°C. The straws were first frozen to -80°C with liquid nitrogen vapour, and then stored in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. After freezing and thawing, the highest motility value was determined in diluent LGI with 41.91%. In other diluents used, the mortality values were determined as LII (33.10%), LGII (32.80%), LI (29.00%), GI (23.66%), TI (12.91%), GII (11.22%) and TII (6.90%). Vitality (%) values were determined as LGI (44.08%), LII (38.50%), LGII (35.10%), LI (33.58), GI (30.91%), GII (23.10%), TI (20.66%) and TII (14.80%) respectively. In this study, it has been determined that the lactated Ringer's-Glucose diluent containing 6% DMF is more advantageous in terms of semen vitality and mortality values when compared to other diluents and that it can be used for long-term storage of duck sperm.

Bu çalışmada; Satureja hortensis L. bitki ekstraktının kuluçkalık tavuk yumurtalarının dezenfeksiyon işleminde kullanılabilirliği ve kuluçka sonuçlarına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kuluçkalık yumurtaların dezenfeksiyon işleminde klorid grubu dezenfektan (Kontrol+, S1), etanol (Kontrol-, S2), etanol + % 2 S. hortensis ekstraktı (S3) ve etanol + %4 S. hortensis ekstraktı (S4) kullanılmıştır. Yumurta kabuklarından toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri (TMAB) yükü, inkübasyonun başlangıcında, ikinci, sekizinci ve on sekizinci günlerinde incelenmiş ve on sekizinci gün sonunda gruplara ait TMAB yükleri sırasıyla S1’de 7,45±0.77 Log kob/yumurta olarak, S4’de ise 7,72±1,28 Log kob/yumurta olarak, S3’de 8,31±0.19 Log kob/yumurta olarak ve S2’de ise 12,33±0.21 Log kob/yumurta olarak, tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada en yüksek erken dönem embriyo ölüm (EDÖ) oranı S3’de %14,28±0.01 olarak, en yüksek orta dönem embriyo ölümü (ODÖ) oranı S1’de %23,08±0,01 olarak ve en yüksek geç dönem embriyo ölümü (GDÖ) ise S3’de % 20,03±0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak kuluçkalık tavuk yumurtalarının dezenfeksiyon işleminde %2, %4 S. hortensis bitki ekstraktının, klorid grubu dezenfektanlara alternatif olarak kullanılabilir olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

This study examined the effects of exposure to coloured LED lights on some behavioural responses, food and water consumption, and live weight in budgerigars kept in captivity using behavioural tests to compare different lighting conditions. Budgerigars’ feeding, comfort, social, fear, and resting behaviours and behavioural reactions to a new environment were studied. Twelve male birds were assigned to four groups, with three birds in each group. They were provided with food and water ad libitum in wire cages at 25 ± 2°C in a room. The study was conducted with 10 h of natural light, 6 h of LED light (white, blue, yellow, and red LED lights), and 8 h of darkness. Their behaviours in the cages were observed. Home cage avoidance (HCA) and two open field tests (OFT) were performed. No difference was observed in the LW and food consumption, but the blue and yellow groups consumed less water. The blue group displayed more comfort and social behaviours. In the HCA test, the red group demonstrated higher reactions. Furthermore, the birds in the yellow group stayed closer to the centre of the platform in the OFT I test, and they chose the compartment simulating their familiar environment in the OFT II test. Consequently, it was concluded that first yellow and then blue lights may be used to prevent stress-related problems for these birds. Our findings could be used to improve the hand-rearing conditions of captive budgerigars.

The aim of the study is to examine the performance and carcass characteristics and some behavioral parameters of geese reared in the areas created by using some objects for environmental enrichment (EE) purpose. For this purpose, a total of 72 one-day-old goose goslings of both sexes were used. Geese were accommodated collectively for the first four weeks, then they were divided in three groups in 3 repetitions according to the EE applications and these were expressed as control (C), broom (B), and mirror (M). At the end of 14th week, live weight (LW), beak length (BL), wing length (WL), head diameter (HD), foot width (FW), body temperature (BT), warm carcass (WC), and cold carcass (CC) weights as well as warm and cold pH values (WpH&CpH), and tonic immobility duration (TID) of the groups were measured. Responses presented during the TI test were expressed as non-responses (NR), medium responses (MR), and high responses (HR). Among the groups, group M had the lowest value (110.08±10.69 s) in terms of TID (P > 0.05). Differences in terms of NR, MR, and HR were significant (P > 0.05). The differences between the groups were not statistically significant in terms of the other characteristics (P < 0.05). As a result, it was determined that geese reared by using the EE objects were affected by such environments, however, there were differences between the groups in terms of fear and stress parameters without having any negative effects on yield.

This study aimed to investigate the usability of different diluents containing 6% Dimethylformamide (DMF) for cryo-preservation of the semen of geese (Anser cygnoides). The diluents of Glucose (G), Tris-Glucose (T), Lactated Ringer's-Glucose (LG), and Lactated Ringer's (L), all of which contained 6% DMF, were used as cryoprotectants. The researchers collected semen samples from four geese, twice a week over a four-week period, by means of abdominal massage; they then calculated how much sperm each goose ejaculated. Next, the semen samples were pooled and their spermatological parameters were determined. Their volume (4x (mL)), concentration (×108/mL), pH, motility (%), and vitality (%) rates were 0.31±0.01, 3.49±0.32, 7.13±1.06, 67.75±1.28, and 70.00±2.03, respectively. Then, these pooled semen samples were equally divided into four groups. Once they were frozen and thawed, the researchers discovered that the diluent L had the highest motility rate: 40.12% ± 1.35. The motility rates of the other diluents were as follows: LG (28.25%± 1.48), G (21.50% ± 1.41), and T (5.12% ± 0.83). Likewise, the vitality rates (%) of the diluents were as follows: L (41.93% ±1.87), LG (31.50%±1.88), G (29.43% ±1.45), and T (10.56%±1.34), respectively. Freezing and thawing appeared to lower each diluent's vitality and motility rates. However, for the Lactated Ringer's (L), this decrease was predictable. Therefore, Lactated Ringer's diluent containing 6% DMF can be used in cryo-preservation of goose semen.