The evidence of the beneficial effects of dairy products on the intestinal microflora was given for the first time in 1908 by I.I. Mechnikov in the famous article «A few words about the sour milk». Since that time probiotics - the living microorganisms for regulation of intestinal microbiota are the case of interest. Interactions between the probiotics and macroorganism are very complex and include a network of genes receptors, signaling molecules and a variety of other factors that determine the natural course of the disease.
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, characterized by different mechanisms and the development of heterogeneous phenotypes. This review discusses the main pharmacotherapy innovations and their possible clinical application.
Background. To assess time trends in prevalence of pollen-related allergy in Saratov region during the last 3 decades . Materials and Methods. Agro-climatic, aerobiological monitoring (pollens of trees, grass, weeds were collected using gravimetric method and counts were done using a standardized protocol). Concentration of salts of heavy metals determined by means of mass - spectrometry in the pollen grains from plants, growing in city and village («dirty» and «clean» areas). Epidemiological (screening with questionnaire), clinical examination, skin tests were used to define the clinical diagnosis. Results. The pollen map of Saratov region has been changed because of climate, melioration and expansion of the Cyclachena xanthyfolia and other weeds. Detection of Pb, Zn,Cu,Ni in pollen grains collected from these plants in «dirty» areas showed that they accumulate heavy metals. The prevalence of pollinosis in 1977 in Saratov region was 1,4% , in 2002 -12,1%, in 2007-2,3%. Among all patients with pollen allergy 4,51% (1977), 5,2% (2002) and 16,0 % (2007) had positive skin tests with trees pollen allergens, 16,0, 36,7 and 29% -with grass pollen allergens and 78,5, 88,9 and 86,4 % -with weeds pollen allergens. Conclusion. Our results established increasing of pollinosis in Saratov region between 1977 and 2002, and there was a tendency towards stagnation in current symptoms of pollen-related allergy. High frequency of weeds allergens sensitization could be explained by allergenicity and prolonged blossoming period of new plants in this region.
-At the birth of the new millennium Britain's Labour government published a 10-year plan for modernising the National Health Service (NHS), placing great emphasis on new ways of working. As part of this process, and following extensive negotiation, general practitioners and hospital consultants were offered new contracts in 2003. This process highlighted the issues academic clinicians and managers face in dealing with the tensions inherent in delivering the tripartite mission of teaching, research and clinical service. Following a retrospective review of clinical academic appraisals, this paper considers new strategies for strengthening the relationship across the university and NHS interface and how this novel and strategic approach might be adopted in future health policy. These findings can be helpful for both UK colleagues and for a broader international audience by providing a pragmatic approach to increasing collaboration across the higher education and health service sectors.KEY WORDS: clinical academic medicine, consultant contract, university and health service collaboration Academic medicine is in crisis and is in danger of losing its leadership role. [1][2][3] The root of this problem appears to lie in the challenge of delivering the tripartite mission of clinical service, teaching and research. Unlike Cerberus of Greek mythology, the tripartite mission is not a three-headed monster, but rather an interdependent relationship that underpins a first-class clinical service. Such a service cannot exist without training the doctors and specialists of the future and seeking new pathways of knowledge. Part of the solution to this crisis may be the strengthening of relationships between higher education institutions and their local health service partners. In the UK, the government has embarked on a 10-year programme of modernising the NHS, including the introduction of new contracts for general practitioners and hospital consultants. We believe that this presents a unique opportunity for institutions to work in partnership to deliver the tripartite mission. Excellence in research, learning and teaching underpins a world-class clinical service whether it is developing the future workforce or the translation of basic biomedical research into practice. Value and pressure of the marriageClinical academic staff are employed by universities but their funding may come from diverse sources, including Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), the NHS, research councils and the medical charities. In many universities, the funding is split between the university and the NHS. Most clinical academics hold a substantive university contract and an honorary NHS contract which requires the two employers to work in partnership. This view was reinforced by the Follett review in 2001. 4 Paradoxically, however, recent policy changes have created an incentive for university and NHS strategies to diverge. The clinical academic is recognised by both parties in the relationship as the pivotal link across this in...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.