RESUMO -Para investigar como o tipo de reforçador afeta o comportamento em FI após diferentes histórias de reforço, universitários foram expostos a FR ou DRL, que liberavam pontos por pressionar um botão. Alguns participantes trocavam pontos por fotocópias (Condição 1), por dinheiro (Condição 2) ou apenas recebiam os pontos (Condição 3). Subseqüentemente, todos foram expostos a FI. O FR produziu taxas de respostas altas e constantes independentemente do tipo de reforçador utilizado. O FI produziu taxas altas para os participantes das Condições 1 e 2 e baixas para os participantes da Condição 3. O DRL produziu baixas taxas que aumentaram durante o FI subseqüente. Os resultados sugerem que tanto contingências históricas quanto presentes controlaram o comportamento dos participantes e que o tipo de reforçador pode favorecer o responder em taxa alta e constante sob FI após exposição a uma contingência de FR.Palavras-chave: efeitos da história; história de reforço; história comportamental; esquemas de reforçamento; tipo de reforçador; comportamento humano. The Type of Reinforcer as a Modulating Variable of History in Humans EffectsABSTRACT -To investigate how the type of reinforcer affects the behavior in FI after different reinforcement histories, university students were exposed to FR or to DRL, that liberated points for pressing a button. Some participants changed points for photocopies (Condition 1), for money (Condition 2), or they just received the points (Condition 3). Subsequently, all students were exposed to FI. FR produced high and constant response rates independently of the type of reinforcer. FI produced high rates for the participants of the Conditions 1 and 2, and low for the participants of the Condition 3. DRL provoked low rates that increased during subsequent FI. The results suggest that so much historical contingencies as present contingencies controlled the participants' behavior and that the type of reinforcer can favor responding in high and constant rate under FI after a FR contingency.
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