ABSTRACT:The survey information from growing regions, the interaction with the vegetation index and climatic variables is of great importance in the search for soybean productivity increase. Paraná is the second largest soybean producer in Brazil and presents great spatial variability, both in periods of the crop cycle as in soil and climate. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial correlation of soybean productivity, the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and agrometeorological variables (water balance, global radiation and average temperature) in the state of Paraná, on a decendial scale, using the Moran global autocorrelation index between the
RESUMO:A amoreira-preta é uma espécie arbustiva de porte ereto ou rasteiro, cujos frutos são agregados em forma de drupas de coloração negra e sabor ácido a doce-ácido. A fruta in natura é altamente nutritiva, possuindo 85% de água, além de proteínas, fibras, carboidratos, cálcio, fósforo, potássio, magnésio, ferro e várias outras vitaminas. Por possuir grande quantidade de água, as perdas durante o processo de armazenamento e de comercialização são significativas. Visando diminuir essas perdas, o uso de técnicas como o resfriamento e o uso de embalagens tornaram-se uma alternativa viável. Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita das amoras armazenadas a 0oC, utilizando embalagem plástica e biofilme de fécula de mandioca na concentração de 5%. Como parâmetros de qualidade foram quantificados a perda de massa, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis totais e cor. As amoras foram selecionadas e armazenadas por 4 dias, durante os quais as mesmas foram analisadas. O uso da embalagem associada com a fécula de mandioca foi eficiente para reduzir a perda de massa ao final de 4 dias de armazenamento e aumentar os teores médios de sólidos solúveis totais, já os teores médios de acidez titulável e pH se conservaram. O croma foi maior com o uso de embalagens, as quais se mostraram eficientes para manter a qualidade dos frutos armazenados, a aparência do produto e as suas propriedades nutricionais antioxidantes. Conforme o tempo passou, a tonalidade das amoras-pretas diminuiu, indicando uma redução no teor de água nos frutos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: refrigeração, armazenamento, Rubus sp. CONSERVATION POST-HARVEST OF BLACKBERRY CHILLED USING BIOFILM AND PLASTIC PACKAGING ABSTRACT:The blackberry is a shrubby species of erect or creeping, whose fruits are aggregates shaped drupe black coloring and the sweet-sour taste acid. The fresh fruit is highly nutritious, having 85% water, besides proteins, fibers, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron and several vitamins. By having lots of water losses during storage and marketing are significant. To decrease these losses, the use of such cooling techniques and the of packaging have become a viable alternative. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the postharvest quality of blackberries stored at 0°C using plastic bag and biofilm cassava starch at a concentration of 5%. As quality parameters were measured mass loss, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids and color. The berries were selected and stored for 4 days, during which they were analyzed. The use of the packaging associated with cassava starch was effective in reducing the weight loss occurred after 4 days of storage and increase the average levels of soluble solids, since the average levels of acidity and pH were maintained. The chroma was greater with the use of packaging, which proved effective in maintaining the quality of stored fruits, the appearance of the product and its nutritional antioxidants. As time passed, the hue of blackberries decreased, indicating a...
Outliers can adversely affect how data fit into a model. Obviously, an analysis of dependent data is different from that of independent data. In the latter, i.e., in cases involving spatial data, local outliers can differ from the data in the neighborhood. In this article, we used the local influence technique to identify influential points in the response variables using two different schemes of perturbations. We applied this technique to soil chemical properties and soybean yield. We evaluated the effects of the influential points on the spatial model selection, the parameter estimation by maximum likelihood and the construction of thematic maps by kriging. In the construction of the thematic maps in studies with and without the influential points, there were changes in the levels of nutrients, allowing for the appropriate application of input, generating greater savings for the producer and contributing to the protection of the environment.
Cresce a cada dia a demanda de alimentos no Mundo, com isso, se busca aumentos nas produtividades das culturas. Analisando este cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a utilização da bactéria diazotrofica Azospirillum brasilense inoculada via sementes de milho (Zea mays L.) isoladas e em associação com fertilizante nitrogenado. O experimento foi conduzido em quatro locais em delineamento com quatro blocos casualizados, e seis tratamentos. Sendo os tratamentos compostos por testemunha, Nitrogênio mineral (100 e 50 kg ha-1), Nitro 1000 e Azonit (Azospirillum brasilense) e Azonit com Nitrogênio mineral (50 kg ha-1). De forma geral, a adubação com Nitrogênio mineral proporcionou maior desenvolvimento inicial da cultura do milho, no entanto, a inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense supriu a necessidade nutricional de nitrogênio da cultura e manteve o índice de produtividade da cultura comparado com a utilização de Nitrogênio mineral. O tratamento combinado de Azospirillum brasilense com Nitrogênio mineral (50 kg ha-1) proporcionou o aumento da produtividade da cultura.
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