BackgroundInjecting estradiol valerate (EV) to pre-pubertal or adult female rat results in effects similar to those observed in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). One of the mechanisms involved in PCOS development is the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. In EV-induced PCOS rats, the unilateral sectioning of the superior ovarian nerve (SON) restores ovulation of the innervated ovary. This suggests that, in addition to the sympathetic innervation, other neural mechanisms are involved in the development/maintenance of PCOS. The aims of present study were analyze if the vagus nerve is one of the neural pathways participating in PCOS development.MethodsTen-day old rats were injected with EV dissolved in corn oil. At 24-days of age sham-surgery, unilateral, or bilateral sectioning of the vagus nerve (vagotomy) was performed on these rats. The animals were sacrificed at 90–92 days of age, when they presented vaginal estrous preceded by a pro-estrus smear.ResultsIn EV-induced PCOS rats, unilateral or bilateral vagotomy restored ovulation in both ovaries. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in PCOS rats with unilateral or bilateral vagotomy were lower than in control rats.ConclusionsThis result suggests that in EV-induced PCOS rats the vagus nerve is a neural pathway participating in maintaining PCOS. The vagus nerve innervates the ovaries directly and indirectly through its synapsis in the celiac-superior-mesenteric ganglion, where the somas of neurons originating in the SON are located. Then, it is possible that vagotomy effects in EV-induced PCOS rats may be explained as a lack of communication between the central nervous system and the ovaries.
El área metropolitana de San Salvador está compuesta por 14 municipios. La misma cuenta con una población de cerca de 1.800.000 habitantes que representan el 27% de la población total de El Salvador. El 54% de la población son mujeres. De éstas, un 72%, utilizan buses como su principal medio de transporte, según la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida 2018, El Salvador Cómo Vamos. El BRT ha sufrido una serie de inconvenientes tras la decisión judicial que eliminó el carril exclusivo. Antes de la pandemia ya no contaba con un carril exclusivo, sino que otros vehículos compartían el carril con los buses del SITRAMSS. Mientras en 2017 viajaban 40,000 pasajeros por día, antes de la pandemia por el COVID-19 habían disminuido a cerca de un tercio, y con la pandemia la reducción fue más drástica. El operador suspendió operaciones en el mes de abril de 2020 argumentado problemas financieros derivados de la pandemia. Por su parte, el Estado salvadoreño suspendió la operación general del transporte público en el período comprendido entre el 7 de mayo de 2021 y el 23 de agosto de 2021. A pesar de la reapertura del transporte público el 23 de agosto, el operador del SITRAMSS ha indicado que funcionar bajo las condiciones establecidas por el protocolo de bioseguridad no es viable financieramente, por lo que no ha restablecido el servicio. Por su lado, el Viceministerio de Transporte se encuentra siguiendo un proceso sancionatorio, para lograr el restablecimiento del mismo.
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