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This study examined the attendees'attitudes toward festivals by utilizing a two-dimensional consumer attitude scale, the Hedonic/Utilitarian (HED/UT) Scale, developed by Voss, Spangenberg, and Grohmann. The HED/UT Scale was originally developed to measure the hedonic and utilitarian dimensions of consumer attitudes toward product categories and different brands within categories. Findings suggested the scale has good reliability and validity and can be used successfully to measure attendees' attitudes toward festivals or other events and services. Results indicated that people attend festivals and other social events for both hedonic and utilitarian reasons. However, their hedonic attitudes have a stronger impact on attending the festival and other special events than their utilitarian attitude. Marketing and theoretical implications are discussed.

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Hotel security standards required by law tell only half the story: Actual court decisions are equally valid when it comes time to enforce the rule of "reasonable care ." Our survey of hotel owners and operators collected data about court-mandated security standards and we discuss which of those standards hoteliers consider important and which are controversial SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT involves being able to predict and control situations, people, or things. If something can be anticipated, managers must have in place policies or procedures with which to deal with the event. From time to time, however, despite all attempts to provide a safe and secure environment, something that was not anticipated may cause a guest to experience injury or loss.Increasingly, courts are holding that those acts and events that harm a guest on a hotel's premises can be foreseen and are therefore preventable. As a result, the hotel industry is now operating at greater risk than in the past.A tradition. The duty of innkeepers and restaurateurs to provide safety and security to their guests has been recognized for centuries. English innkeepers, for instance, as early as the fifteenth century, had to accommodate any well-comported person who applied to the inn. The rationale for such a rule was that the English countryside was infested with robbers and