This report should be cited as follows:Weiland, MA, GR Ploskey, JS Hughes, Z Deng, T Fu, J Kim, GE Johnson, GW Batten, ES Fischer, F Khan, SA Zimmerman, DM Faber, KM Carter, JW Boyd, RL Townsend, JR Skalski, TJ Monter, AW Cushing, MM Meyer. 2011. Acoustic Telemetry Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Passage and Survival Proportions at John Day Dam, 2009. PNNL-20766. Draft report submitted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, Oregon.iii PrefaceThe study reported herein was funded as part of the Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program, which is managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program study code is SPE-P-08-03: Studies of Surface Spill at John Day Dam. The study was led by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for the USACE Portland District. The USACE technical leads were Robert Wertheimer, Sean Tackley, and Brad Eppard. The PNNL study project manager was Mark Weiland (509 427-5923). The data are archived at PNNL offices in North Bonneville, Washington.v Executive SummaryImproving the survival rate of juvenile salmonids migrating downstream through the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) continues to be a high priority for the USACE and the region. Many of these fish are from populations listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Increasing survival rates is necessary to ensure sustainable salmon populations in the future and meet performance standards set forth in the 2008 Biological Opinion (BiOp) and 2008 Columbia Basin Fish Accords on operation of the FCRPS. The BiOp mandates that a 96% and 93% survival rate be achieved for spring and summer downstream migrating juvenile salmonids, respectively. At John Day Dam (JDA), the Portland District is evaluating the provision of surface-flow outlets (SFOs) as a means to increase fish-passage efficiency and in turn increase the fish-passage survival rate by reducing turbine passage of juvenile salmonids. The goal of the study reported here was to provide fish-passage and survival data necessary to evaluate the performance of the prototype SFO, called a top-spill weir (TSW), and the dam as a whole relative to the performance standards in the BiOp. The Portland District and regional fisheries managers will use the data to adaptively manage the configuration and operation of JDA to maximize the survival rate for juvenile salmonids. This is the report of research for the acoustic telemetry evaluation of juvenile salmonids during 2009 at JDA. The study was conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the University of Washington for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Portland District. S.1 ObjectivesThe overall purpose of the acoustic-telemetry study at JDA during 2009 was to determine the best configuration and operation for JDA prior to conducting BiOp performance standard tests. The primary objective was to determine the best operation between 30% and 40% spill treatments. Route-specific, J...
Executive SummaryThis report describes tests conducted at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River in the spring of 2000. The studies used three-dimensional (3D) acoustic telemetry and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) hydraulic modeling techniques to evaluate the response of outmigrating juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and yearling chinook (O. tshawytscha) to the Prototype Surface Collector (PSC) installed at Powerhouse I of Bonneville Dam in 1998 to test the concept of using a deep-slot surface bypass collector to divert downstream migrating salmon from turbines. The study was conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), the Waterways Experiment Station of the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (COE), Asci Corporation, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and was sponsored by COE's Portland District. The goal of the study was to observe the three-dimensional behavior of tagged fish (fish bearing ultrasonic micro-transmitters) within 100 meters (m) of the surface flow bypass structure to test hypotheses about the response of migrants to flow stimuli generated by the presence of the surface flow bypass prototype and its operation. Research was done in parallel with radio telemetry studies conducted by USGS and hydroacoustic studies conducted by WES & Asci to evaluate the prototype surface collector.Based on the 3D acoustic telemetry and CFD modeling results, we can make the following general observations about the movements of tagged yearling spring chinook and steelhead in the immediate vicinity of the PSC.We observed that fish tended to follow the river thalweg (main flow) as they approached the dam with the majority of the fish first encountering the dam and PSC at Powerhouse I Units 4 through 6. However, only about half of these fish passed the dam at Turbine Units 5 and 6, the other half passed to the south through Turbine Units 1 and 2.In contrast to the difference between the horizontal distribution of approach and the units through which tagged fish passed, fish were more likely to maintain the same vertical distribution during approach and passage into or under the PSC. During approach to the PSC, tagged fish were more surface oriented in the daytime than at night.We grouped fish into three categories based on three distinct types of observed passage behavior: 1) direct passage -fish that passed through the forebay and into the PSC or turbine units in less than an hour, 2) searching -fish that actively searched for an exit along the face of the dam for 1 to 4 hours before exiting through the PSC or turbines, and 3) milling -fish that traveled about the forebay for more than 4 hours before passing through the PSC or turbines or moving back upstream out of the forebay. The percentages of fish in each category (direct passage, searching, or milling) changed by diel period. Steelhead were twice as likely to mill during the day as during the night. Chinook were equally likely to mill at day or night. Steelhead were 10 times more likely to direct pass at night than during the day. Chinook were ...
Executive SummaryImproving survival rates of juvenile salmonids through the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) continues to be a high priority for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District. Many of these fish are from populations listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Increased survival rates are necessary to meet performance standards set forth in the 2008 Biological Opinion (BiOp) on FCRPS operations. The BiOp mandates 96% and 93% survival rates be achieved for spring and summer downstream migrating juvenile salmonids, respectively. At John Day Dam, the Portland District is evaluating the provision of surface flow outlets (SFOs) as a means to increase fish-passage efficiency and in turn increase passage survival rates by reducing turbine passage of juvenile salmonids. The goal of the study reported herein is to provide the passage and survival data necessary to evaluate the performance of the prototype SFO and the dam as a whole relative to the standards in the BiOp. The study was conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the University of Washington. The Portland District and regional fisheries managers will use the data to adaptively manage the configuration and operation of John Day Dam to maximize the survival rates of juvenile salmonids. ObjectivesIn this report, we present survival estimates, passage efficiencies, and fish behavior data for acoustictagged steelhead (STH), yearling Chinook salmon (YC), and subyearling Chinook salmon (SYC) passing through John Day Dam during 2008. We examined the data relative to two spill treatments, 30% versus 40% spill out of total water discharge through the dam, to assess the performance of SFOs, called topspill weirs (TSWs). The field study period was from April 29 to August 20, 2008. The objectives were as follows:• Survival Rates -Estimate single-and paired-release, route-specific, dam-passage, and concrete-passage survival rates for YC, STH, and SYC passing through John Day Dam for each of two spillway operational treatments.• Fish Passage -Estimate passage proportions among major passage routes, and calculate efficiency and effectiveness metrics for each of two spillway operational treatments for YC, STH, and SYC separately.-Estimate travel times (forebay residence and tailrace egress) of YC, STH, and SYC for each of two spill treatments.• Fish Behavior -Characterize fish behaviors, including forebay approach paths, for YC, STH, and SYC and compare approach paths with the final route of passage for each of two spill treatments.-Describe vertical and horizontal distributions and residence times of YC, STH, and SYC within the dam forebay. MethodsThis study used the Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS). We surgically implanted acoustic tags and passive integrated transponder tags in 3447 YC and 3450 STH in spring and in 5931 SYC in summer. Median lengths of tagged fish were as follows: YC = 158 mm; STH = 217 mm; SYC = 117 mm.Tagged YC and STH were released daily over a 29-day spr...
Executive SummaryIn 2008, the Portland District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers contracted with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to conduct an acoustic telemetry study to evaluate a newly deployed 700-ft-long and 10-ft-deep behavioral guidance structure (BGS) located in the forebay of the Bonneville Dam second powerhouse (B2) and to estimate the survival of yearling Chinook salmon, subyearling Chinook salmon, and juvenile steelhead passing downstream through this powerhouse. The BGS was deployed to increase the survival of fish passing B2 by increasing the percentage of outmigrating smolts entering the B2 Corner Collector, a surface flow outlet known to be a relatively benign route for downstream passage at this dam. Fish longer than 95 mm were surgically implanted with Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, held overnight in tanks supplied with continuous flow of river water to allow time for recovery from surgery and released upstream as part of two concurrent survival studies that were evaluating survival at John Day Dam and the Bonneville spillway. Tagged fish were released at or downstream of Arlington, Oregon, approximately 156 km upstream on the Columbia River. Additional release points included the tailwaters of John Day Dam and The Dalles Dam. The volitional movements of the tagged migrants were subsequently tracked through the B2 forebay to their eventual route of passage. Passage location was recorded and incorporated with detections from three downstream survival arrays to produce survival estimates. The tracked positions of fish in the forebay and passage distribution at B2 were evaluated to determine behavior relative to the BGS location. Major FindingsThe BGS increased passage percentage into the B2 Corner Collector (B2CC) for yearling Chinook salmon by up to 9%, but no improvements were observed for subyearling Chinook or juvenile steelhead when comparing 2008 results to passage distributions observed in 2004 and 2005 radio-telemetry studies. The majority of steelhead and yearling Chinook salmon were found to navigate past the BGS and through the south gap (area between the downstream tip of the BGS and Cascade Island), which was closest to the Corner Collector. Whereas equal proportions of subyearling Chinook salmon navigated through the south and north gaps between the BGS and shorelines. The corner collector efficiency was always higher for fish passing through the south gap compared to fish passing the north gap or under the BGS. Overall, the B2 corner collector efficiency was very high for juvenile steelhead (75%) followed by yearling Chinook salmon (49%) and then subyearling Chinook salmon (40%). Downstream migrants appeared to navigate downstream proportionally to water velocities in the thalweg when their downstream pathways were plotted in relation to the BGS and the B2 forebay. There were significant operational differences at B2 between spring and summer. During spring, turbine unit 15 (in the center of the p...
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