Microenterprise is essential for strengthening the economies in developing countries through job creation, skills' development, self-esteem, and knowledge. This study intended to measure the effect of human capital on entrepreneurial competencies and the effect of entrepreneurial competencies on the performance of informal microenterprises owned and managed by women-microentrepreneurs in Kelantan, Malaysia. This study has employed a cross-sectional design and collected quantitative data from 384 informal women-entrepreneurs in Kelantan, Malaysia. The result indicated that human capital and entrepreneurial competencies had a significant positive effect on women microenterprises' performance. Despite the increase in the number of research in this subsector, little attention has been given to the effect of human capital and entrepreneurial competencies on business performance in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to examine human capital, entrepreneurial competencies, and business performance among informal microenterprises owned and managed by women in Kelantan, Malaysia. Given that investments in human capital and entrepreneurial competencies improve the performance of informal microenterprises, the government and development organizations should, therefore, focus on entrepreneurship development programs, so that to improve the entrepreneurial competencies among women microentrepreneurs in Kelantan, Malaysia.

PurposeDespite the significant economic contributions of the tourism and hospitality industry, it is also considered an emerging concern for its negative impact on the environment. This study investigated the association between green inclusive leadership (GIL), green human resource management (GHRM), and employee proactive pro-environmental behaviour (PEB). The study also investigated the mediating effect of GHRM between GIL and proactive PEB.Design/methodology/approachHotel employees in Malaysia were the respondents in this study. The researchers used a cross-sectional approach and partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyse the data.FindingsResults found a significant relationship between GIL, GHRM and proactive PEB. Findings of the study revealed that GHRM significantly meditates the relations between GIL and proactive PEB.Practical implicationsThis study presents practical implications for the hotel industry by encouraging employees' environmentally responsible behaviour. Enlightening the role of environmentally open and accepting ways to promote positive employee behaviour is of considerable practical use not solely for the organisations but additionally for culture as a whole.Originality/valueTheoretical contributions are made by constructing a new structural model supported by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the induction of GIL, GHRM, and proactive PEB and measuring the factors simultaneously. The study further established the mediating role of GHRM between GIL and proactive PEB.

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