Background: Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been associated to severe reproductive toxicity in mammals. Although some preventive measures have been reported, curative strategies are yet to be explored. The present study was designed to investigate the alleviating effects of Lannea acida on the reproductive toxicity of colibri®, a commercial formulation of imidacloprid, in adult male rats. Materials and methods: Seventy rats were orally administered with colibri® (22.5 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg) for 14 days and treated for other 14 or 28 days with either aqueous or methanol extracts of L. acida (170 or 340 mg/kg). Control animals were similarly treated with clomiphene citrate or vitamin E. Sexual organ weights, spermatozoa characteristics, sexual hormones, stress markers and testis histology were evaluated at the end of each treatment period. Results: Colibri® exposition induced reproductive toxicity marked by a decrease in sex organ weights, spermatozoa count, motility and viability. Colibri® also decreased testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone concentrations and increased testicular oxidative stress. Spermatozoa morphology and testis histology were also severely altered. Similar to clomiphene citrate and vitamin E, treatment with L. acida extracts significantly (p ≤ 0.05-0.001) reversed the above-mentioned damages, especially after 28 days of treatment with aqueous (340 mg/kg) and methanol (170 mg/kg) extracts. Conclusion: Present results indicate that L. acida exerts curative effects against colibri®-induced male reproductive toxicity. These results justify the use of this plant as fertility enhancer and suggest that it could be an alternative in the management of pesticide-derived male infertility.

Aphallia is a complex urogenital malformation. It is rarely described in literature. Treatment calls upon feminising genitoplasty in most cases. Authors describe a case in a neonate, insisting on the sociocultural realities which guided their indications.

Little published data exist on the morbidity and mortality associated with poor trauma care in developing countries. This report highlights our experience with iatrogenic limb gangrene related to fracture management by traditional bonesetters. Children with bonesetter's gangrene were identified from a prospectively recorded paediatric surgery database at the Regional Hospital of Kaolack in Central Senegal. 21 children were treated for bonesetter's gangrene during a 18-month period (January 2007 up to June 2008). The average age was 10 years (range, 5 to 15 years). Bonesetter's gangrene was more common in boys (90.5%) and occurred almost exclusively in children from rural areas where access to health care was limited. 16 children underwent proximal extremity amputation. Complications included one case of tetanus. Bonesetter's gangrene is a preventable complication that results from a failure of child health planners to recognize the importance of basic trauma care. Management of fractures should be considered an essential component of child health programs in developing countries.

For rape survivors aged 5 years or younger, a treatment strategy by which surgery is reserved for incontinent patients provided good cosmetic and functional outcomes.

Nous rapportons un cas exceptionnel de volvulus nécrosé de l'intestin grêle dû à des ascaris adultes chez un enfant de 7 ans. A l'admission, l'enfant présentait le tableau d'occlusion intestinale qui évoluait depuis deux jours avec altération de l'état général. La radiographie de l'abdomen sans préparation retrouvait des niveaux hydroaériques de type grêlique et un aspect tigré évoquant le diagnostic d'une occlusion intestinale haute sur masse abdominale. Après la réanimation, le traitement chirurgical consistait en une laparotomie qui avait retrouvé un volvulus nécrosé de l'iléon terminale contenant des ascaris adultes. Une résection du grêle sur environ un mètre emportant le segment nécrosé suivie d'une iléostomie était réalisée. L'évolution a été favorable, l'anastomose iléo-colique fut réalisée quatre semaines plus tard. Au recul de deux ans l'enfant est indemne de tout symptôme.